tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-89838619802166343792024-02-06T17:55:05.568-10:00HIV InsightUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger5296125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8983861980216634379.post-76815140929081290652018-10-23T17:57:00.002-10:002018-10-23T17:57:24.424-10:00Challenges faced by marginalized communities such as transgenders in Pakistan<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial; font-size: 14px;">Challenges faced by marginalized communities such as transgenders in P</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial; font-size: 14px;">akistan. Read more at: http://ow.ly/M0yD30mlMyV </span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8983861980216634379.post-13548202322680533132016-08-04T20:13:00.001-10:002016-08-04T20:13:14.069-10:00Unfiltered Voices From Donald Trump’s Crowds - Video<div style="text-align: center;">
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<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8983861980216634379.post-56401736871227055962016-07-28T19:59:00.000-10:002016-07-28T19:59:18.326-10:00The 'Disastrous' State of Latin America's Prisons<script id="infogram_0_75b388cb-6a6a-4eb0-b4b6-53a39d0ed353" src="//e.infogr.am/js/embed.js?lsb" title="" type="text/javascript"></script><br />
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<a href="http://charts.infogr.am/bar-chart?utm_source=embed_bottom&utm_medium=seo&utm_campaign=bar_chart" style="color: #989898!important; text-decoration: none!important;" target="_blank">Create bar charts</a></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8983861980216634379.post-89467925512001978012016-07-01T14:23:00.000-10:002016-07-01T14:23:50.611-10:00The Use of Female Sex Workers Among Men in Nepal: Prevalence, STIs/HIV-Related Risk Behaviors, and Gender Ideology<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Heterosexual sex involving
female sex workers (FSWs) is widely documented for its role in facilitating the
spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)/HIV. Critical to such studies,
and increasingly considered essential to HIV prevention efforts, is the gender
constructs and power dynamics within relationships. However, little efforts
have been made, which focus on male clients of FSWs, particularly on the
relationship between gender ideologies and men’s sexual contact with FSWs,
within the Nepali context. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The present study aims to fill this critical gap by
assessing the prevalence of use of FSWs and its association with
STIs/HIV-related risk behaviors and gender ideologies among Nepali men. We used
data from the nationally representative Nepal Demographic Health Survey (NDHS)
2011. For the purpose of analyses, we included a sample of 4,121 men, aged
15–49 years. During data analyses, we used multivariate logistic regression
models, adjusted for the following variables: age, region, residence, religion,
educational level, wealth index, employment status, and cigarette smoking
status. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white;">Of the total sample, approximately 5% reported the use of FSWs in their
lifetime. In regression models, men who had sex with FSWs were more likely to
report a history of STIs</span><span class="apple-converted-space">, not using condom all the time</span><span class="apple-converted-space">, more than one sexual partner</span><span class="apple-converted-space">, and have had early sexual debut</span><span class="apple-converted-space">. Respondents reporting the endorsement of violence against wives</span> and male sexual entitlement<span class="apple-converted-space"> were significantly more likely to report sexual contact with FSWs. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="apple-converted-space">Our
findings highlight the need to develop and implement specifically tailored
interventions toward male clients of FSWs, with a particular emphasis on
promoting equitable gender roles and beliefs.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Full article at: <o:p></o:p><a href="http://goo.gl/e97o7T">http://goo.gl/e97o7T</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">By: <o:p></o:p><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Shrestha%20R%5Bauth%5D"><span style="color: #642a8f;">Roman Shrestha</span></a>,<sup>1,2</sup> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Karki%20P%5Bauth%5D"><span style="color: #642a8f;">Pramila Karki</span></a>,<sup>2,3</sup> and <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Copenhaver%20M%5Bauth%5D"><span style="color: #642a8f;">Michael Copenhaver</span></a><sup>2,3</sup></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup><span lang="EN">1</span></sup><span lang="EN">Department of Community Medicine and
Health Care, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup><span lang="EN">2</span></sup><span lang="EN">Institute for Collaboration on Health,
Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<sup><span lang="EN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">3</span></span></sup><span lang="EN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Department of Allied Health Sciences,
University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 10.9987px; line-height: 17.9971px;">
Prim Prev Insights. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 Jun 27.</div>
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Published in final edited form as:</div>
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<a href="http://www.la-press.com/the-use-of-female-sex-workers-among-men-in-nepal-prevalence-stishiv-re-article-a5683" style="color: #642a8f;" target="pmc_ext"><span class="cit">Prim Prev Insights. 2016; 6: 11–17.</span></a></div>
<span class="fm-vol-iss-date">Published online 2016 Jun 9. </span><span class="doi" style="white-space: nowrap;">doi: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.4137%2FPPRI.S39664" ref="reftype=other&article-id=4922505&issue-id=271573&journal-id=319&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=Content%20Provider%7CCrosslink%7CDOI&rendering-type=normal" style="color: #642a8f;" target="pmc_ext">10.4137/PPRI.S39664</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">More at: <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://twitter.com/hiv_insight">https://twitter.com/hiv_insight</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health"><span style="background: whitesmoke;">http://twitter.com/Prison_Health</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8983861980216634379.post-83403778785435160082016-07-01T10:40:00.001-10:002016-07-01T10:43:49.389-10:00This pill allows you to have anxiety-free sex. So why aren't more people taking it? - Video<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/sY6B802s0rI/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/sY6B802s0rI?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2CKX_O42jrtBybPFHIPbBCD58QFR9wntAXXZhh7JfHVaqUutuSy4fvj4oAKVBDgKykTZzkopxbtBnDo5e4ZKgmQZ_msZRD00_YeKvXLSRDwVwyBfGJlYQXOjVuA2IP8IT_Yj1AQgFKrU/s1600/This+pill+allows+you+to+have+anxiety-free+sex.+So+why+aren%2527t+more+people+taking+it.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2CKX_O42jrtBybPFHIPbBCD58QFR9wntAXXZhh7JfHVaqUutuSy4fvj4oAKVBDgKykTZzkopxbtBnDo5e4ZKgmQZ_msZRD00_YeKvXLSRDwVwyBfGJlYQXOjVuA2IP8IT_Yj1AQgFKrU/s320/This+pill+allows+you+to+have+anxiety-free+sex.+So+why+aren%2527t+more+people+taking+it.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<iframe frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&OneJS=1&Operation=GetAdHtml&MarketPlace=US&source=ac&ref=tf_til&ad_type=product_link&tracking_id=hiin0b-20&marketplace=amazon&region=US&placement=3659666696&asins=3659666696&linkId=0bce48040d8c11bfd6c9a117fc608116&show_border=false&link_opens_in_new_window=false&price_color=333333&title_color=0066c0&bg_color=ffffff" style="height: 240px; width: 120px;">
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8983861980216634379.post-34812622469365522892016-06-30T16:00:00.001-10:002016-06-30T16:00:34.069-10:00The relationship between violence and engagement in drug dealing and sex work among street-involved youth<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">OBJECTIVES:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="OBJECTIVES" nlmcategory="OBJECTIVE">Street-involved
youth are highly vulnerable to violence. While involvement in income-generating
activities within illicit drug scenes is recognized as shaping youths'
vulnerability to violence, the relative contributions of different
income-generating activities remain understudied. We sought to examine the
independent effects of drug dealing and sex work on experiencing violence among
street-involved youth.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">METHODS:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="METHODS" nlmcategory="METHODS">Data were
derived from a prospective cohort of street-involved youth aged 14-26 who used
drugs in Vancouver, British Columbia, between September 2005 and May 2014.
Multivariable generalized estimating equations were used to examine the impact
of involvement in drug dealing and sex work on experiencing violence.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">RESULTS:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="RESULTS" nlmcategory="RESULTS">Among
1,152 participants, including 364 (31.6%) women, 740 (64.2%) reported having
experienced violence at some point during the study period. In multivariable
analysis, involvement in drug dealing but not sex work remained independently
associated with experiencing violence among females (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]:
1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-1.90) and males (AOR: 1.50; 95% CI:
1.25-1.80), while involvement in sex work only was not associated with violence
among females (AOR: 1.15; 95% CI: 0.76-1.74) or males (AOR: 1.42; 95% CI:
0.81-2.48).</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CONCLUSION:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="CONCLUSION" nlmcategory="CONCLUSIONS">Findings
indicate that involvement in drug dealing is a major factor associated with
experiencing violence among our sample. In addition to conventional
interventions, such as addiction treatment, novel approaches are needed to
reduce the risk of violence for drug-using youth who are actively engaged in
drug dealing. The potential for low-threshold employment and decriminalization
of drug use to mitigate violence warrants further study.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Purchase full article at: <o:p></o:p><a href="http://goo.gl/emWqd9">http://goo.gl/emWqd9</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">By: <o:p></o:p><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Hayashi%20K%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27348116" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Hayashi K</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Daly-Grafstein%20B%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27348116" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Daly-Grafstein B</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Dong%20H%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27348116" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Dong H</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Wood%20E%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27348116" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Wood E</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Kerr%20T%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27348116" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Kerr T</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=DeBeck%20K%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27348116" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">DeBeck K</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">.</span></span></div>
<ul aria-hidden="false" class="ui-ncbi-toggler-slave ui-ncbitoggler ui-ncbitoggler-slave-open" style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.9px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;">
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia; British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS. khayashi@cfenet.ubc.ca.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span role="menubar" style="line-height: 15.9565px;"><a abstractlink="yes" alsec="jour" alterm="Can J Public Health." aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27348116#" role="menuitem" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;" title="Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de santé publique.">Can J Public Health.</a></span><span style="line-height: 15.9565px;"> 2016 Jun 27;107(1):e88-93. doi: 10.17269/cjph.107.5219.</span><span style="background-color: transparent;"> </span></span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">More at: <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://twitter.com/hiv_insight">https://twitter.com/hiv_insight</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">And:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health"><span style="background: whitesmoke;">http://twitter.com/Prison_Health</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<iframe border="0" frameborder="0" height="250" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="//rcm-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/cm?o=1&p=12&l=ur1&category=handmade_bags&banner=1KZC9X01TJJTAHSVJD02&f=ifr&lc=pf4&linkID=8c76c28e83dd3835090ff219657bc654&t=hiin0b-20&tracking_id=hiin0b-20" style="border: none;" width="300"></iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8983861980216634379.post-53923722894938095362016-06-25T23:27:00.000-10:002016-06-25T23:29:19.537-10:00Shame, Guilt, and Suicide Ideation among Bondage and Discipline, Dominance and Submission, and Sadomasochism Practitioners: Examining the Role of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: white;">To date, no study has
examined rates of suicide ideation or theory-based risk factors for suicide
ideation among bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, and
sadomasochism (BDSM) practitioners. Participants were 321 adults that endorsed
BDSM involvement. Thirty-seven percent of the sample indicated a nonzero level
of suicide ideation. Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness (PB)
were positively associated with suicide ideation and their interactive effect
predicted additional variance in suicide ideation after adjusting for
depressive symptoms. Overall, shame and guilt were positively associated with
suicide ideation and these relations were mediated by thwarted belongingness
and PB in parallel adjusting for depressive symptoms; however, there were some
differences between demographic subgroups. Among BDSM practitioners,
stigma-related internalized feelings (i.e., shame and guilt) may be associated
with increased thwarted belongingness and PB, which are associated with suicide
ideation.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Purchase full article at: <o:p></o:p><a href="http://goo.gl/Llv4sj">http://goo.gl/Llv4sj</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">By: <o:p></o:p><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Roush%20JF%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27320500" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Roush JF</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Brown%20SL%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27320500" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Brown SL</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Mitchell%20SM%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27320500" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Mitchell SM</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Cukrowicz%20KC%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27320500" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Cukrowicz KC</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">.</span></span></div>
<ul aria-hidden="false" class="ui-ncbi-toggler-slave ui-ncbitoggler ui-ncbitoggler-slave-open" style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.9px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;">
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span role="menubar" style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , "clean" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0045px; line-height: 15.9565px;"><a abstractlink="yes" alsec="jour" alterm="Suicide Life Threat Behav." aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27320500#" role="menuitem" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;" title="Suicide & life-threatening behavior.">Suicide Life Threat Behav.</a></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , "clean" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0045px; line-height: 15.9565px;"> 2016 Jun 20. doi: 10.1111/sltb.12267</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">More at: <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://twitter.com/hiv_insight">https://twitter.com/hiv_insight</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">And:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health"><span style="background: whitesmoke;">http://twitter.com/Prison_Health</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8983861980216634379.post-40857014606956017422016-06-21T10:43:00.002-10:002016-06-21T10:43:31.541-10:00Exchange Sex and HIV Infection among Men Who Have Sex with Men: 20 US Cities, 2011<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white;">This study assessed the prevalence of exchanging sex
for money or drugs among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the 2011 US National</span> <span class="highlight">HIV</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> Behavioral Surveillance system. Prevalence of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="highlight">HIV</span></span>, being<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="highlight">HIV</span>-positive but unaware
(<span class="highlight">HIV</span>-positive-unaware),
risk behaviors and use of services were compared between MSM who did and did not
receive money or drugs from one or more casual male partners in exchange for oral
or anal sex in the past 12 months. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Among 8411 MSM, 7.0 % exchanged sex. MSM who
exchanged sex were more likely to be non-Hispanic black, live in poverty, have injected
drugs, have multiple condomless anal sex partners, be<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="highlight">HIV</span>-positive and be<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="highlight">HIV</span>-positive-unaware. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In
multivariable analysis, exchange sex was associated with being<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="highlight">HIV</span>-positive-unaware (aPR 1.34, 95 % CI 1.05-1.69) after adjusting
for race/ethnicity, age, education, poverty, and injecting drugs. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">MSM who exchange
sex represent an important group to reach with<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="highlight">HIV</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> prevention, testing, and care services as they
were more likely to report behavioral risk factors that put them at risk of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="highlight">HIV</span></span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Purchase full article at: <o:p></o:p><a href="http://goo.gl/ptrrEk">http://goo.gl/ptrrEk</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">By: <o:p></o:p><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=M%20Nerlander%20L%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27307181"><span style="color: #660066;">M Nerlander L</span></a><sup>1,2</sup>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Hess%20KL%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27307181"><span style="color: #660066;">Hess KL</span></a><sup>3</sup>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Sionean%20C%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27307181"><span style="color: #660066;">Sionean C</span></a><sup>3</sup>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=E%20Rose%20C%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27307181"><span style="color: #660066;">E Rose C</span></a><sup>3</sup>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Thorson%20A%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27307181"><span style="color: #660066;">Thorson A</span></a><sup>4</sup>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Broz%20D%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27307181"><span style="color: #660066;">Broz D</span></a><sup>3</sup>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Paz-Bailey%20G%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27307181"><span style="color: #660066;">Paz-Bailey G</span></a><sup>3</sup>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>1</sup>Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS-E46, Atlanta, GA, 30329,
USA. vif7@cdc.gov.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>2</sup>Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. vif7@cdc.gov.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>3</sup>Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS-E46, Atlanta, GA, 30329,
USA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>4</sup>Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27307181" title="AIDS and behavior."><span style="color: #660066;">AIDS Behav.</span></a> 2016 Jun 15. [Epub ahead of
print]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">More at: <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://twitter.com/hiv_insight">https://twitter.com/hiv_insight</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health"><span style="background: whitesmoke;">http://twitter.com/Prison_Health</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8983861980216634379.post-16053831007510461762016-06-20T14:58:00.000-10:002016-06-20T14:58:30.112-10:00High prevalence of unhealthy alcohol use and comparison of self-reported alcohol consumption to phosphatidylethanol among women engaged in sex work and their male clients in Cambodia<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">BACKGROUND:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="BACKGROUND" nlmcategory="BACKGROUND">In
Cambodia, most of the female sex workers (FSW) work in venues where unhealthy
alcohol use is ubiquitous and potentially contributing to the HIV epidemic.
However, no accurate data exists. We compare self-reported unhealthy alcohol
consumption to a biomarker of alcohol intake in Cambodian FSW and male clients,
and determine factors associated with unhealthy alcohol use.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">METHODS:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="METHODS" nlmcategory="METHODS">A
cross-sectional study was conducted among FSW (n=100) and male clients (n=100)
in entertainment and sex work venues in Cambodia. Self-reported unhealthy
alcohol use (AUDIT-C) was compared to phosphatidylethanol (PEth) positive
(≥50ng/ml), a biomarker of alcohol intake. Sociodemographics data was
collected. Correlates of self-reported unhealthy alcohol use and PEth positive
were determined.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">RESULTS:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="RESULTS" nlmcategory="RESULTS">The
prevalence of PEth positive in FSW was 60.0%. Self-reported unhealthy alcohol
consumption was reported by 85.0% of the women. Almost all women (95.0%)
testing PEth positive also reported unhealthy alcohol use. Prevalence of
unhealthy alcohol consumption (self-report and PEth positive) was higher in FSW
working in entertainment establishments compared to other sex work venues
(p<0.01). Among male clients, 47.0% reported unhealthy alcohol consumption
and 42.0% had a PEth positive. However, only 57.1% of male clients with PEth
positive reported unhealthy alcohol use.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">CONCLUSIONS:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="CONCLUSIONS" nlmcategory="CONCLUSIONS">Unhealthy
alcohol consumption is prevalent in Cambodian sex work settings. Self-reported
unhealthy alcohol use is well reported by FSW, but less by male clients. These
findings highlight the urgency of using accurate measures of unhealthy alcohol
consumption and integrating this health issue into HIV prevention interventions.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Purchase full article at: <o:p></o:p><a href="http://goo.gl/OVW2hK">http://goo.gl/OVW2hK</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">By: <o:p></o:p><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Couture%20MC%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27251102"><span style="color: #660066;">Couture MC</span></a><sup>1</sup>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Page%20K%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27251102"><span style="color: #660066;">Page K</span></a><sup>2</sup>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Sansothy%20N%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27251102"><span style="color: #660066;">Sansothy N</span></a><sup>3</sup>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Stein%20E%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27251102"><span style="color: #660066;">Stein E</span></a><sup>4</sup>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Vun%20MC%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27251102"><span style="color: #660066;">Vun MC</span></a><sup>5</sup>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Hahn%20JA%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27251102"><span style="color: #660066;">Hahn JA</span></a><sup>6</sup>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>1</sup>Department of Population Health Sciences, School of
Nursing and Health Professions, University of San Francisco, 2130 Fulton St.,
San Francisco, CA 94117, United States. Electronic address: mcouture@usfca.edu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>2</sup>University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Dept.
of Internal Medicine MSC 10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
87131, United States.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>3</sup>National Center for HIV, AIDS, Dermatology and STDs,
#245H, Street 6A, Phum Kean Khlang, Sangkat Prekleap Russey Keo, Phnom Penh,
Cambodia; University of Health Sciences-Cambodia, #73 Monivong Boulevard, Srah
Chak, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>4</sup>Global Health Sciences/Prevention and Public Health
Group, University of California San Francisco, Mission Hall, 550 16th St.,
Third Fl., Box 1224, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>5</sup>National Center for HIV, AIDS, Dermatology and STDs,
#245H, Street 6A, Phum Kean Khlang, Sangkat Prekleap Russey Keo, Phnom Penh,
Cambodia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>6</sup>Department of Medicine, University of California San
Francisco, Mission Hall, 550 16th St., Third Fl., Box 1224, San Francisco, CA
94158, United States.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27251102" title="Drug and alcohol dependence."><span style="color: #660066; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Drug Alcohol Depend</span><span style="color: #660066;">.</span></a> 2016
May 21. pii: S0376-8716(16)30117-X. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.05.011.
[Epub ahead of print]</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">More at: <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://twitter.com/hiv_insight">https://twitter.com/hiv_insight</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health"><span style="background: whitesmoke;">http://twitter.com/Prison_Health</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8983861980216634379.post-89822801423933993532016-06-20T14:48:00.000-10:002016-06-20T14:48:00.742-10:00The use of structural equation modelling and behavioural theory to target priority interventions to increase condom use among the intimate partners of sex workers in French Guiana<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white;">French Guiana is the French
overseas territory that is most affected by HIV. Sex work seems to be an
important driver of the epidemic. Although female sex workers are informed by
local NGOs, they still have risky behaviours, including not using condoms with
their intimate partner despite knowing HIV is highly prevalent. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white;">The objective
of this study was to find intervention targets on this specific behaviour. For
this, a structural equation model (SEM) was built using assumptions from
behavioural theories. Behaviour theories attempt to connect research and
practice. Within the health belief model framework, perceived threats,
perceived benefits, and self-perceived efficacy were tested. Vulnerability was
added because of the particular context of French Guiana. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white;">The results highlight
that female sex workers’ perceived self-efficacy was central in condom use with
the intimate partner (with a significant correlation coefficient of 0.52 in the
SEM). The perceived self-efficacy was strongly influenced by sociodemographic
factors, particularly by nationality. Female sex workers from Brazil seemed to
be more comfortable about asking their intimate partner to use condoms (OR:
7.81; CI: 1.87–32.63) than sex workers of other nationalities. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white;">These results
emphasize that prevention interventions for female sex workers should emphasize
their empowerment.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Purchase full article at: <o:p></o:p><a href="http://goo.gl/flHO6u">http://goo.gl/flHO6u</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">By: <o:p></o:p><span class="hlfld-contribauthor"><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/author/Parriault%2C+Marie-Claire"><span style="color: #104083;">Marie-Claire Parriault</span></a></span><sup>a*</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="hlfld-contribauthor"><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/author/van+Melle%2C+Astrid"><span style="color: #104083;">Astrid Van Melle</span></a></span><sup>a</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="hlfld-contribauthor"><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/author/Basurko%2C+C%C3%A9lia"><span style="color: #104083;">Célia Basurko</span></a></span><sup>a</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="hlfld-contribauthor"><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/author/Adriouch%2C+Leila"><span style="color: #104083;">Leila Adriouch</span></a></span><sup>b</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="hlfld-contribauthor"><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/author/Rogier%2C+St%C3%A9phanie"><span style="color: #104083;">Stéphanie Rogier</span></a></span><sup>a</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="hlfld-contribauthor"><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/author/Couppi%C3%A9%2C+Pierre"><span style="color: #104083;">Pierre Couppié</span></a></span><sup>c</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> &<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="hlfld-contribauthor"><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/author/Nacher%2C+Mathieu"><span style="color: #104083;">Mathieu Nacher</span></a></span><sup>ab</sup></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>a</sup> INSERM CIC
1424, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>b</sup> COREVIH Guyane,
Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>c</sup> Department of
Dermatology, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">More at: <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://twitter.com/hiv_insight">https://twitter.com/hiv_insight</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health"><span style="background: whitesmoke;">http://twitter.com/Prison_Health</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8983861980216634379.post-41422971777764792172016-06-19T13:20:00.000-10:002016-06-19T13:21:23.555-10:00What role does transactional sex play in the HIV/STI and reproductive health risk behaviour among high-tier entertainment centre workers in China?<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: white;">China's rapid economic growth
over the last three decades has led to increased population wealth and the
proliferation of entertainment centres where people can conduct business, relax
and meet new people. Little is known about the sexual risk behaviours of
employees at high-tier entertainment centres. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: white;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: white;">This paper addresses this gap in
knowledge by comparing</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white;"> </span></span><span class="highlight"><span style="background: white;">HIV</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white;"> </span><span style="background: white;">risk
perception and sexual and reproductive health behaviours among female and male
employees at three high-tier entertainment centres in two cities in China,
comparing those who report a history of transactional sex to those who do not. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white;">In both cities, participants who reported a history of transactional sex were
more likely than those without a history of transactional sex to report
multiple sexual partnerships, more lifetime sexual partners, a history of
sexually transmitted infections (STIs), having anal sex and/or recent
abortions, and were more likely to perceive themselves to be at risk for STIs/</span></span><span class="highlight"><span style="background: white;">HIV</span></span><span style="background: white;">. However, risk behaviour was also high among those with no
history of transactional sex. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: white;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: white;">These findings highlight the need for targeted
sexual and reproductive health initiatives for employees in these work settings.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Purchase full article at: <o:p></o:p><a href="http://goo.gl/ifrptC">http://goo.gl/ifrptC</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">By: <o:p></o:p><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Mantell%20JE%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=26274897"><span style="color: #660066;">Mantell JE</span></a><sup>1</sup>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=LeVasseur%20MT%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=26274897"><span style="color: #660066;">LeVasseur MT</span></a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Sun%20X%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=26274897"><span style="color: #660066;">Sun X</span></a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Zhou%20J%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=26274897"><span style="color: #660066;">Zhou J</span></a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Mao%20J%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=26274897"><span style="color: #660066;">Mao J</span></a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Peng%20Y%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=26274897"><span style="color: #660066;">Peng Y</span></a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Zhou%20F%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=26274897"><span style="color: #660066;">Zhou F</span></a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=DiCarlo%20AL%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=26274897"><span style="color: #660066;">DiCarlo AL</span></a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Kelvin%20EA%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=26274897"><span style="color: #660066;">Kelvin EA</span></a>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>1</sup> HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral
Studies , New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University , New
York , NY , USA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26274897" title="Global public health."><span style="color: #660066;">Glob Public Health.</span></a> 2015;10(8):947-67.
doi: 10.1080/17441692.2015.1045918.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">More at: <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://twitter.com/hiv_insight">https://twitter.com/hiv_insight</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">And:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health"><span style="background: whitesmoke;">http://twitter.com/Prison_Health</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8983861980216634379.post-87353166712037612872016-06-18T16:12:00.002-10:002016-06-18T16:12:52.671-10:00Micro-level social and structural factors act synergistically to increase HIV risk among Nepalese female sex workers<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">OBJECTIVES:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="OBJECTIVES" nlmcategory="OBJECTIVE">Sex
workers face stigma, discrimination and violence across the globe and are
almost 14 times more likely to be<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="highlight">HIV</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>infected
than other women in low-and middle income countries. In Asia, condom campaigns
at brothels have been effective in some settings, but for preventive
interventions it is important to understand micro-level social and structural
factors that influence sexual behaviors of sex workers to be sustainable. This
study assesses the syndemic effects of micro-level social and structural
factors of unprotected sex and the prevalence of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="highlight">HIV </span>among
female sex workers in Nepal.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">METHODS:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="METHODS" nlmcategory="METHODS">This
quantitative study included 610 female sex workers that were recruited using
two-stage cluster sampling from September to November 2012 in 22 Terai highway
districts of Nepal. Rapid<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="highlight">HIV</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>tests
and face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect biological and behavioral
information. A count of physical (sexual violence and other undesirable
events), social (poor social support and condom negotiation skills) and
economic (unprotected sex to make more money) factors that operate at the
micro-level was calculated to test the additive relationship to unprotected sex.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">RESULTS:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="RESULTS" nlmcategory="RESULTS">The<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="highlight">HIV</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>prevalence was 1% and this is presumably
representative with a large sample of female sex workers in Nepal. The
prevalence of unprotected sex with client was high (24%). For each additional
adverse physical, social and economic condition, the probability of non-use of
condoms with clients increased substantially: 1 problem=12%, p-value 0.005; 2
problems=19%, p-value <0.001; 3-5 problems= 38%, p-value <0.001.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">CONCLUSIONS:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="CONCLUSIONS" nlmcategory="CONCLUSIONS">Interactions
between two or more adverse conditions linked to physical, social and economic
environment increased the risk of unprotected sex among Nepalese female sex
workers.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Purchase full article at: <a href="http://goo.gl/sza5PI">http://goo.gl/sza5PI</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">By: <o:p></o:p><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Deuba%20K%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27312580"><span style="color: #660066;">Deuba K</span></a><sup>1</sup>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Anderson%20S%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27312580"><span style="color: #660066;">Anderson S</span></a><sup>2</sup>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Ekstr%C3%B6m%20AM%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27312580"><span style="color: #660066;">Ekström AM</span></a><sup>3</sup>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Pandey%20SR%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27312580"><span style="color: #660066;">Pandey SR</span></a><sup>4</sup>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Shrestha%20R%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27312580"><span style="color: #660066;">Shrestha R</span></a><sup>5</sup>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Karki%20DK%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27312580"><span style="color: #660066;">Karki DK</span></a><sup>6</sup>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Marrone%20G%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27312580"><span style="color: #660066;">Marrone G</span></a><sup>3</sup>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>1</sup>Public Health and Environment Research Center,
Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: deuba4k@gmail.com.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>2</sup>Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>3</sup>Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska
University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>4</sup>FHI360, Kathmandu, Nepal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>5</sup>Centre for International Health, University of Bergen,
Bergen, Norway.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>6</sup>Department of Public Health, Nobel College, Pokhara
University, Kathmandu, Nepal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27312580" title="International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases."><span style="color: #660066;">Int J Infect Dis.</span></a> 2016 Jun 13. pii:
S1201-9712(16)31091-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.06.007. [Epub ahead of print]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">More at: <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://twitter.com/hiv_insight">https://twitter.com/hiv_insight</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health"><span style="background: whitesmoke;">http://twitter.com/Prison_Health</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8983861980216634379.post-89366469619116506362016-06-16T01:19:00.000-10:002016-06-16T01:19:08.961-10:00Prevalence of HIV and Associated Risks of Kampala among Youth in the Slums of Kampala<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white;">Purpose. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The purpose of this study is to examine
the prevalence of and risk factors for engaging in sex work among youth living
in Kampala, Uganda. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Methods. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Analyses are based on a cross-sectional study (N =
1,134) of youth aged 12-18 years, living in the slums of Kampala, conducted in
Spring of 2014. The analytic sample consisted of only sexually active youth (n
= 590). Youth who reported engaging in sex work were compared to youth who did
not report sex work. Multivariable analyses were conducted to examine factors
associated with sex work. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Results. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Among the youth who had ever had sexual
intercourse (n = 590), 13.7% (n = 81) reported engaging in sex work.
Self-reported HIV prevalence was 13.9% among the total sample (n = 81) and
22.5% (n = 18) among youth engaged in sex work. Engaging in sex work was
associated with being female (AOR 10.4; 95% CI: 3.9, 27.4), being an orphan
(AOR 3.8; 95% CI: 1.7, 8.4), ever drinking alcohol (AOR 8.3; 95% CI 3.7, 19.0),
and experiencing any rape (AOR 5.3; 95% CI: 2.9, 9.5). </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Discussion. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The reported
prevalence of sex work is high among youth in the slums of Kampala and is
associated with high HIV prevalence, ever drinking alcohol, previously being
raped, and being an orphan.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<h1 class="content-title" style="background-color: white; font-size: 1.125em; line-height: 1.5; margin: 1em 0px 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Table 2</span></h1>
<div class="caption" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.9991px; line-height: 21.9988px;">
<div id="__p39" style="margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bivariate and multivariable associations between sex work and covariates among youth living in the slums of Kampala (<em>n</em> = 590).</span></div>
</div>
<div class="large_tbl" style="background-color: white; font-size: 15.9991px; height: auto; line-height: 21.9988px; overflow: visible; width: auto;">
<table class="rendered small default_table" frame="hsides" rules="groups" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: both; font-size: 0.8461em; line-height: 1.6363em; margin: 1.3846em 0px;"><thead style="border: none;">
<tr><th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Variable</span></th><th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sex workers<br />Yes<br /><em>n</em> (%)</span></th><th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sex workers<br />No<br /><em>n</em> (%)</span></th><th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Total sample<br /><em>n</em> (%)</span></th><th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Unadjusted OR<br />(95% CI)</span></th><th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Adjusted OR<br />(95% CI)</span></th><th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">P</span></em></th></tr>
<tr><th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">81 (13.7)</span></th><th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">509 (68.3)</span></th><th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background-color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">590 (100)</span></th></tr>
</thead><tbody style="border-bottom-color: rgb(136, 136, 136); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(136, 136, 136); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;">
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Age</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> 12–14 years</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4 (4.9)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">27 (5.3)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">31 (5.3)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ref</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="3" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">—</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="3" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">0.67</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> 15-16 years</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">15 (18.5)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">116 (22.8)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">131 (22.2)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">0.9 (0.3–2.8)</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> 17-18 years</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">62 (76.5)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">366 (71.9)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">428 (72.5)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1.1 (0.4–3.4)</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><hr style="box-sizing: content-box; height: 0px;" />
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sex, <em>n</em> (%)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Females</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">76 (93.8)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">271 (53.2)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">347 (58.8)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ref</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ref</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">∗∗</span></em></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Males</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">5 (6.2)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">238 (46.8)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">243 (41.2)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">13.4 (5.3–33.5)</span></strong></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">10.4 (3.9–27.4)</span></strong></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><hr style="box-sizing: content-box; height: 0px;" />
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">School attendance</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Yes</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">67 (83.7)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">480 (94.3)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">547 (93.8)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ref</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ref</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">∗∗</span></em></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> No</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">13 (16.3)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">23 (5.7)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">36 (6.2)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4.1 (2.0–8.4)</span></strong></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2.2 (0.8–5.7)</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><hr style="box-sizing: content-box; height: 0px;" />
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Religion</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Christian Catholic</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">28 (34.6)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">196 (38.5)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">224 (38.0)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ref</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="4" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">—</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="4" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">0.09</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Christian (other)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">37 (45.7)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">169 (33.2)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">206 (34.9)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1.5 (0.9–2.6)</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Muslim</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">11 (13.6)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">118 (23.2)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">129 (21.9)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">0.7 (0.3–1.4)</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Other</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">5 (6.2)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">26 (5.1)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">31 (5.3)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1.3 (0.5–3.8)</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><hr style="box-sizing: content-box; height: 0px;" />
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Parental drunkenness</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Yes</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">51 (63.0)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">259 (51.0)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">310 (52.6)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1.6 (1.0–2.7)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">—</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">0.05</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> No</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">30 (37.0)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">249 (49.0)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">279 (47.4)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ref</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><hr style="box-sizing: content-box; height: 0px;" />
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">No parents alive</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">36 (44.4)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">108 (21.2)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">144 (24.4)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">5.4 (2.7–10.9)</span></strong></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3.8 (1.7–8.5)</span></strong></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="3" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">∗∗</span></em></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1 parent alive</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">33 (40.7)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">205 (40.3)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">238 (40.3)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2.6 (1.3–5.2)</span></strong></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1.7 (0.8–3.6)</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2 parents alive</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">12 (14.8)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">196 (38.5)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">208 (35.3)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ref</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ref</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><hr style="box-sizing: content-box; height: 0px;" />
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ever alcohol use</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Yes</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">72 (90.0)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">271 (53.5)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">343 (58.4)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">7.8 (3.7–16.6)</span></strong></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">8.3 (3.7–19.0)</span></strong></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">∗∗</span></em></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> No</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">8 (10.0)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">236 (46.5)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">244 (41.6)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ref</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ref</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><hr style="box-sizing: content-box; height: 0px;" />
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Any rape</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Yes</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">55 (67.9)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">98 (19.2)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">153 (25.9)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">8.9 (5.3–14.9)</span></strong></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">5.3 (2.9–9.5)</span></strong></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">∗∗</span></em></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> No</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">26 (32.1)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">411 (80.8)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">437 (74.0)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ref</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ref</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><hr style="box-sizing: content-box; height: 0px;" />
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Parental abuse of youth</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Yes</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">35 (43.2)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">197 (38.8)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">232 (39.4)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><strong><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1.8 (1.1–2.9)</span></strong></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">0.8 (0.4–1.4)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">0.45</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> No</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">46 (56.8)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">311 (61.2)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">357 (60.6)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ref</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ref</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><hr style="box-sizing: content-box; height: 0px;" />
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">HIV<span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">a</span></span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Yes</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">18 (22.5)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">63 (12.5)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">81 (13.9)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">—</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">—</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">∗</span></em></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> No</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">62 (77.5)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">440 (87.5)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">502 (86.1)</span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><hr style="box-sizing: content-box; height: 0px;" />
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Other STI<span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">a</span></span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Yes</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">63 (77.8)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">248 (48.7)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">311 (52.7)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">—</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">—</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">∗∗</span></em></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> No</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">18 (22.2)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">261 (51.3)</span></td><td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border: none; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">279 (47.3)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div id="__fnid1078908" style="background-color: white; line-height: 21.9988px;">
<div class="p p-first-last" id="__p40" style="margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Note: <em>P</em> value is obtained from chi-square analyses.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="__fnid1078917" style="background-color: white; line-height: 21.9988px;">
<div class="p p-first-last" id="__p41" style="margin-bottom: 0.6923em; margin-top: 0.6923em;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">a</span>HIV and other STIs not included in the logistic regression analyses due to HIV/STI being hypothesized outcomes of commercial sex work instead of risk factors.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222;">Full article at: <o:p></o:p></span><span style="color: #222222;"><a href="http://goo.gl/vtZVwm">http://goo.gl/vtZVwm</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222;">By: </span><o:p></o:p><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Swahn%20MH%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27239340"><span style="color: #660066;">Swahn MH</span></a><sup>1</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Culbreth%20R%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27239340"><span style="color: #660066;">Culbreth R</span></a><sup>1</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Salazar%20LF%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27239340"><span style="color: #660066;">Salazar LF</span></a><sup>1</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Kasirye%20R%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27239340"><span style="color: #660066;">Kasirye R</span></a><sup>2</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Seeley%20J%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27239340"><span style="color: #660066;">Seeley J</span></a><sup>3</sup>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>1</sup>School of Public Health, Georgia State University,
P.O. Box 3995, Atlanta, GA 30302-3995, USA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>2</sup>Uganda Youth Development Link, P.O. Box 12659,
Kampala, Uganda.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>3</sup>London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel
Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27239340" title="AIDS research and treatment."><span style="color: #660066;">AIDS Res Treat.</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>2016;2016:5360180.
doi: 10.1155/2016/5360180. Epub 2016 Apr 28.<span style="color: #222222;"> </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">More at: <a href="https://twitter.com/hiv_insight"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">https://twitter.com/hiv insight</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And: <a href="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health" target="_blank" title="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health"><span style="background: white; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://twitter.com/Prison
Health</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8983861980216634379.post-18999324436711271092016-06-14T17:16:00.001-10:002016-06-14T17:16:34.911-10:00Early sex work initiation and condom use among alcohol-using female sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya: A cross-sectional analysis<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">OBJECTIVES:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="OBJECTIVES" nlmcategory="OBJECTIVE">Early
initiation of sex work is prevalent among female sex workers (FSWs) worldwide.
The objectives of this study were to investigate if early initiation of sex
work was associated with: (1) consistent condom use, (2) condom negotiation
self-efficacy or (3) condom use norms among alcohol-using FSWs in Mombasa,
Kenya.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">METHODS:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="METHODS" nlmcategory="METHODS">In-person
interviews were conducted with 816 FSWs in Mombasa, Kenya. Sample participants
were: recruited from HIV prevention drop-in centres, 18 years or older and
moderate risk drinkers. Early initiation was defined as first engaging in sex
work at 17 years or younger. Logistic regression modelled outcomes as a
function of early initiation, adjusting for drop-in centre, years in sex work,
supporting others and HIV status.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">RESULTS:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="RESULTS" nlmcategory="RESULTS">FSWs who
initiated sex work early were significantly less likely to report consistent
condom use with paying sex partners compared with those who initiated sex work
in adulthood. There was no significant difference between groups in consistent
condom use with non-paying sex partners. FSWs who initiated sex work early
endorsed less condom negotiation self-efficacy with paying sex partners
compared with FSWs who did not initiate sex work early.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">CONCLUSIONS:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="CONCLUSIONS" nlmcategory="CONCLUSIONS">Findings
highlight a need for early intervention for at-risk youth and adolescent FSWs,
particularly in relation to HIV sexual risk behaviours. Evidence-based
interventions for adolescent FSWs or adult FSWs who began sex work in
adolescence should be developed, implemented and evaluated.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Purchase full article at: <o:p></o:p></span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://goo.gl/Vi0r9e">http://goo.gl/Vi0r9e</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222;">By: </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Parcesepe%20AM%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27217378"><span style="color: #660066;">Parcesepe AM</span></a><sup>1</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=L%27Engle%20KL%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27217378"><span style="color: #660066;">L'Engle KL</span></a><sup>2</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Martin%20SL%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27217378"><span style="color: #660066;">Martin SL</span></a><sup>3</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Green%20S%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27217378"><span style="color: #660066;">Green S</span></a><sup>3</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Suchindran%20C%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27217378"><span style="color: #660066;">Suchindran C</span></a><sup>4</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Mwarogo%20P%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27217378"><span style="color: #660066;">Mwarogo P</span></a><sup>5</sup>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>1</sup>Department
of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA HIV
Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Columbia University and New York
State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>2</sup>FHI 360,
Durham, North Carolina, USA Population Health Sciences, School of Nursing and
Health Professions, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California,
USA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>3</sup>Department
of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>4</sup>Department
of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School
of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>5</sup>FHI 360,
Nairobi, Kenya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27217378" title="Sexually transmitted infections."><span style="color: #660066;">Sex Transm Infect.</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>2016 May 23. pii: sextrans-2016-052549.
doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2016-052549. [Epub ahead of print]</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222;"> </span><span style="color: #222222;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">More at: <a href="https://twitter.com/hiv_insight"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">https://twitter.com/hiv insight</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And: <a href="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health" target="_blank" title="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health"><span style="background: white; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://twitter.com/Prison
Health</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8983861980216634379.post-76287062768360465942016-06-14T16:51:00.000-10:002016-06-14T17:17:05.223-10:00Gender-based violence against female sex workers in Cameroon: Prevalence and associations with sexual HIV risk and access to health services and justice<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<abstracttext label="BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES" nlmcategory="OBJECTIVE"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Female sex workers (FSWs) are at risk for
HIV and physical and sexual gender-based violence (GBV). We describe the
prevalence of lifetime GBV and its associations with HIV risk behaviour, access
to health services and barriers in accessing justice among FSWs in Cameroon.<o:p></o:p></span></abstracttext></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">METHODS:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<abstracttext label="METHODS" nlmcategory="METHODS"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">FSWs (n=1817) were recruited for a
cross-sectional study through snowball sampling in seven cities in Cameroon. We
examined associations of lifetime GBV with key outcomes via adjusted logistic
regression models.<o:p></o:p></span></abstracttext></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">RESULTS:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<abstracttext label="RESULTS" nlmcategory="RESULTS"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Overall, 60% (1098/1817) had experienced
physical or sexual violence in their lifetime. GBV was associated with
inconsistent condom use with clients (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.49, 95% CI 1.18 to
1.87), being offered more money for condomless sex (AOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.56 to 2.79),
having had a condom slip or break (AOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.87) and
difficulty suggesting condoms with non-paying partners (AOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.16
to 1.87). Violence was also associated with fear of health services (AOR 2.25,
95% CI 1.61 to 3.16) and mistreatment in a health centre (AOR 1.66, 95% CI 1.01
to 2.73). Access to justice was constrained for FSWs with a GBV history,
specifically feeling that police did not protect them (AOR 1.41, 95% CI 1.12 to
1.78).<o:p></o:p></span></abstracttext></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">DISCUSSION:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<abstracttext label="DISCUSSION" nlmcategory="CONCLUSIONS"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Among FSWs in Cameroon, violence is
prevalent and undermines HIV prevention and access to healthcare and justice.
Violence is highly relevant to FSWs' ability to successfully negotiate condom
use and engage in healthcare. In this setting of criminalised sex work, an
integrated, multisectoral GBV-HIV strategy that attends to structural risk is
needed to enhance safety, HIV prevention and access to care and justice.<o:p></o:p></span></abstracttext></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Purchase full article at: <a href="http://goo.gl/YZY1Uk">http://goo.gl/YZY1Uk</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222;">By: </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Decker%20MR%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27280972"><span style="color: #660066;">Decker MR</span></a><sup>1</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Lyons%20C%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27280972"><span style="color: #660066;">Lyons C</span></a><sup>2</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Billong%20SC%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27280972"><span style="color: #660066;">Billong SC</span></a><sup>3</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Njindam%20IM%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27280972"><span style="color: #660066;">Njindam IM</span></a><sup>2</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Grosso%20A%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27280972"><span style="color: #660066;">Grosso A</span></a><sup>2</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Nunez%20GT%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27280972"><span style="color: #660066;">Nunez GT</span></a><sup>2</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Tumasang%20F%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27280972"><span style="color: #660066;">Tumasang F</span></a><sup>4</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=LeBreton%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27280972"><span style="color: #660066;">LeBreton M</span></a><sup>5</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Tamoufe%20U%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27280972"><span style="color: #660066;">Tamoufe U</span></a><sup>6</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Baral%20S%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27280972"><span style="color: #660066;">Baral S</span></a><sup>2</sup>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>1</sup>Department of Population, Family &
Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health,
Baltimore, Maryland, USA Center for Public Health & Human Rights, Johns
Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>2</sup>Center for Public Health & Human
Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland,
USA Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public
Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>3</sup>Comité national de lutte contre le sida
(CNLS), Ministère de la Sante Publique (MINSANTE), Yaoundé, Cameroon.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>4</sup>PEPFAR DSF Ministère de la Sante Publique
(MINSANTE), Yaoundé, Cameroon.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>5</sup>Global Viral, Yaoundé, Cameroon Mosaic,
Yaoundé, Cameroon.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><sup>6</sup>Global Viral, Yaoundé, Cameroon.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27280972" title="Sexually transmitted infections."><span style="color: #660066;">Sex Transm
Infect.</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>2016
Jun 8. pii: sextrans-2015-052463. doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052463. [Epub
ahead of print]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222;">More at: </span><a href="https://twitter.com/hiv_insight"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">https://twitter.com/hiv insight</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">And: <a href="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health" target="_blank" title="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health"><span style="background: white; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://twitter.com/Prison
Health</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8983861980216634379.post-34262391137445673182016-06-12T16:18:00.001-10:002016-06-12T16:18:34.769-10:00Relationship between Community Collectivization and Financial Vulnerability of Female Sex Workers in Southern India<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" id="__p3">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Studies exploring the
linkages between financial vulnerabilities and community collectivization of
female sex workers (FSWs) are scarce in India despite having potential policy
implications. To fill this gap in the literature, this study attempts to
understand the financial vulnerabilities among FSWs and assess the relationship
between community collectivization and financial vulnerabilities in southern
India.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Data and Methods<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" id="__p4">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Data were drawn from a
cross-sectional, behavioral tracking survey (BTS)—2014, conducted among FSWs (N
= 2400) in Andhra Pradesh, a southern state of India under the Avahan-India
AIDS initiative program. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and their 95% confidence
intervals (CI) were estimated through multivariate logistic regression, to
assess the independent relationships of the degree of community
collectivization indicators with financial vulnerability indicators, adjusting
for socio-demographic characteristics.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Results<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" id="__p5">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Most FSWs (87%) reported
having either one or more financial vulnerability and nearly one-fifth had a
high financial vulnerability. The risk of facing financial vulnerability was
significantly lower among FSWs with a high degree of perceived collective
efficacy (15% vs 31%; AOR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3–0.5) and collective agency (4% vs
21%; AOR: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1–0.3) as compared to their respective counterparts,
after controlling for their individual socio-demographic characteristics. FSWs
with a high degree of collective efficacy are also less likely to report
different components of financial vulnerability (e.g. income, saving,
expenditure, and debt).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" id="__p6">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This study finding
suggests that community-led interventions such as improving collectivization
are promising strategies to address financial vulnerabilities and a path to a
sustainable reduction of HIV risk. This study calls for further evidence-based
research and measurement of the effects of community-led approaches in
addressing the financial vulnerabilities of the key population at risk for HIV.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" id="__p6">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" id="__p6">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Below: Distribution of levels of community collectivization indicators among female sex workers (N = 2400) in Andhra Pradesh, India, 2014</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSB_CHKPZQPgJ8nd69rBqFNJ1nfSai80tGtavn8tOeD6Y4MEB7w5d9FrUvu2HBInI9PBuR04queN8PwPw0qGstLX9_2s-pkkdKJIeGcpmIF46IBPAcMRvMhGDFmln1EI0kMvA8xkh2kU4/s1600/Distribution+of+levels+of+community+collectivization+indicators+among+female+sex+workers+in+Andhra+Pradesh%252C+India%252C+2014.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="336" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSB_CHKPZQPgJ8nd69rBqFNJ1nfSai80tGtavn8tOeD6Y4MEB7w5d9FrUvu2HBInI9PBuR04queN8PwPw0qGstLX9_2s-pkkdKJIeGcpmIF46IBPAcMRvMhGDFmln1EI0kMvA8xkh2kU4/s640/Distribution+of+levels+of+community+collectivization+indicators+among+female+sex+workers+in+Andhra+Pradesh%252C+India%252C+2014.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222;">Full article at: <o:p></o:p></span><span style="color: #222222;"><a href="http://goo.gl/wKNO0F">http://goo.gl/wKNO0F</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222;">By: <o:p></o:p></span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Patel%20SK%5Bauth%5D"><span style="color: #642a8f;">Sangram Kishor
Patel</span></a>,<sup>1,*</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Prabhakar%20P%5Bauth%5D"><span style="color: #642a8f;">Parimi
Prabhakar</span></a>,<sup>2</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Jain%20AK%5Bauth%5D"><span style="color: #642a8f;">Anrudh Kumar
Jain</span></a>,<sup>3</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Saggurti%20N%5Bauth%5D"><span style="color: #642a8f;">Niranjan
Saggurti</span></a>,<sup>4</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Adhikary%20R%5Bauth%5D"><span style="color: #642a8f;">Rajatashuvra
Adhikary</span></a><sup>1</sup></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Shira M Goldenberg,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="fm-role">Editor</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup><span lang="EN">1</span></sup><span lang="EN">HIV and AIDS Program, Population Council,
142, Golf Links, New Delhi, India<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup><span lang="EN">2</span></sup><span lang="EN">India HIV/AIDS Alliance, Sarovar Center,
Secretariat Road, Hyderabad, India<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup><span lang="EN">3</span></sup><span lang="EN">Population Council, New York, United
States of America<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup><span lang="EN">4</span></sup><span lang="EN">Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, New
Delhi, India<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Simon Fraser
University, Canada<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN"><span class="fm-vol-iss-date" style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 10.9987px; line-height: 17.9971px;">Published online 2016 May 26. </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 10.9987px; line-height: 17.9971px;"></span><span class="doi" style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 10.9987px; line-height: 17.9971px; white-space: nowrap;">doi: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0156060" ref="reftype=other&article-id=4881938&issue-id=268955&journal-id=440&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=Content%20Provider%7CCrosslink%7CDOI&rendering-type=normal" style="color: #642a8f;" target="pmc_ext">10.1371/journal.pone.0156060</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">More at: <a href="https://twitter.com/hiv_insight"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">https://twitter.com/hiv insight</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And: <a href="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health" target="_blank" title="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health"><span style="background: white; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://twitter.com/Prison
Health</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8983861980216634379.post-89436601437687957752016-06-12T15:45:00.001-10:002016-06-12T15:45:28.122-10:00Is Involvement in Sex Work Associated with Engagement in HIV-Related Medical Care in Latin American Men Who Have Sex with Men? Results of a Large, Multinational Internet Survey<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white;">Men who have sex with men
(MSM) who engage in transactional sex are at increased HIV risk, and face
complex barriers to care seeking. Among 2,035 men recruited through an MSM
social/sexual networking website in Latin America and who reported being
HIV-infected, 186 (9.1%) reported being paid for sex with another man in the
past year. Engagement in transactional sex was associated with decreased odds
of receiving medical care for HIV (AOR=0.57, 95% CI=0.37–0.85). No significant
differences were seen in being on antiretroviral therapy (ART) or ART adherence
once in care. Interventions in this population should focus on reducing
barriers to engagement in care.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">...Results of this analysis suggest that there are disparities
in receipt of HIV medical care associated with recent engagement in
transactional sex among HIV-infected MSM in Latin America. The ability to
access HIV-related medical care is related not only to availability of care
facilities, but also barriers and facilitators to engagement and retention in
care, and these factors may be compounded for MSM who engage in transactional
sex. For example, stigma and discrimination may limit care seeking to a greater
extent among men who engage in transactional sex, given multiple sources of
stigma. Previous research suggests that MSM may face sexual stigma from
multiple dimensions. Stigma from healthcare providers may limit disclosure of
sexual orientation or sexual behaviors among MSM, if they anticipate
discrimination following disclosure.<sup><a aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4894012/?report=classic#B16" id="__tag_537148810" rid="B16" role="button"><span style="color: #642a8f;">16</span></a></sup>Among
people living with HIV, HIV and healthcare stigma has been associated with
decreased care-seeking behavior.<sup><a aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4894012/?report=classic#B9" id="__tag_537148795" rid="B9" role="button"><span style="color: #642a8f;">9</span></a>,<a aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4894012/?report=classic#B12" id="__tag_537148801" rid="B12" role="button"><span style="color: #642a8f;">12</span></a></sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>MSM
who engage in transactional sex may experience additional stigma due to being
involved in sex work, which is illegal and/or socially unacceptable across most
of Latin America, and which has been described as a barrier to care seeking
among female sex workers.<sup><a aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4894012/?report=classic#B17" id="__tag_537148803" rid="B17" role="button"><span style="color: #642a8f;">17</span></a>,<a aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4894012/?report=classic#B18" id="__tag_537148798" rid="B18" role="button"><span style="color: #642a8f;">18</span></a></sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Although
experienced and/or perceived stigma could act as a mechanism through which MSM
who engage in transactional sex in Latin America have decreased engagement in
HIV care, we were unable to quantify experiences of stigma in this study.
Future work should consider the role of experienced and/or perceived stigma
specifically as a barrier to engaging in care in this population.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">...Interestingly, although participants who engaged
in transactional sex were less likely to be engaged in HIV-related medical
care, prior research by this team</span><sup style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4894012/?report=classic#B15" id="__tag_537148792" rid="B15" role="button"><span style="color: #642a8f;">15</span></a></sup><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">and
by others in other regions</span><sup style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4894012/?report=classic#B21" id="__tag_537148790" rid="B21" role="button"><span style="color: #642a8f;">21</span></a></sup><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">indicates
that MSM who engage in transactional sex are more likely to have a history of
HIV testing and of HIV diagnosis.</span><sup style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4894012/?report=classic#B22" id="__tag_537148797" rid="B22" role="button"><span style="color: #642a8f;">22</span></a>,<a aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4894012/?report=classic#B23" id="__tag_537148808" rid="B23" role="button"><span style="color: #642a8f;">23</span></a></sup><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This
may indicate that men who engage in transactional sex are aware of their
increased risk and thus are more likely to test for HIV, but that there are
structural, interpersonal, and individual factors—including differential power
dynamics due to social or economic position, physical or sexual violence,
substance use, and/or psychological distress</span><sup style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4894012/?report=classic#B7" id="__tag_537148806" rid="B7" role="button"><span style="color: #642a8f;">7</span></a></sup><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">—which are major barriers to
linkage and continued engagement in care if diagnosed...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222;">Full article at: <o:p></o:p></span><span style="color: #222222;"><a href="http://goo.gl/5RWUOC">http://goo.gl/5RWUOC</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222;">By: <o:p></o:p></span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Biello%20KB%5Bauth%5D"><span style="color: #642a8f;">Katie B.
Biello</span></a>, PhD, MPH,<sup><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
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</o:lock></v:path></v:stroke></v:shapetype><v:shape alt="corresponding author" id="Picture_x0020_6" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 6.75pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 5.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="corresponding author" src="file:///C:\Users\ST1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></sup><sup>1,,2</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Oldenburg%20CE%5Bauth%5D"><span style="color: #642a8f;">Catherine E.
Oldenburg</span></a>, MPH,<sup>1</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Rosenberger%20J%5Bauth%5D"><span style="color: #642a8f;">Joshua
Rosenberger</span></a>, PhD,<sup>3</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Mayer%20KH%5Bauth%5D"><span style="color: #642a8f;">Kenneth H.
Mayer</span></a>, MD,<sup>2,,4,,5</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Novak%20D%5Bauth%5D"><span style="color: #642a8f;">David Novak</span></a>,
MSW,<sup>6</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Mimiaga%20MJ%5Bauth%5D"><span style="color: #642a8f;">Matthew J.
Mimiaga</span></a>, ScD, MPH<sup>1,,2,,7,,8</sup></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup><span lang="EN" style="display: none;">1</span></sup><span lang="EN" style="display: none;">Department
of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup><span lang="EN" style="display: none;">2</span></sup><span lang="EN" style="display: none;">The
Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup><span lang="EN" style="display: none;">3</span></sup><span lang="EN" style="display: none;">Department
of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup><span lang="EN" style="display: none;">4</span></sup><span lang="EN" style="display: none;">Division
of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston,
Massachusetts.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup><span lang="EN" style="display: none;">5</span></sup><span lang="EN" style="display: none;">Department
of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston,
Massachusetts.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup><span lang="EN" style="display: none;">6</span></sup><span lang="EN" style="display: none;">OLB
Research Institute, Online Buddies, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup><span lang="EN" style="display: none;">7</span></sup><span lang="EN" style="display: none;">Department
of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup><span lang="EN" style="display: none;">8</span></sup><span lang="EN" style="display: none;">Department
of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup><span lang="EN">1</span></sup><span lang="EN">Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School
of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup><span lang="EN">2</span></sup><span lang="EN">The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health,
Boston, Massachusetts.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup><span lang="EN">3</span></sup><span lang="EN">Department of Global and Community Health,
George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup><span lang="EN">4</span></sup><span lang="EN">Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth
Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup><span lang="EN">5</span></sup><span lang="EN">Department of Global Health and
Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup><span lang="EN">6</span></sup><span lang="EN">OLB Research Institute, Online Buddies,
Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup><span lang="EN">7</span></sup><span lang="EN">Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup><span lang="EN">8</span></sup><span lang="EN">Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 10.9987px; line-height: 17.9971px;">
<span class="cit">LGBT Health. 2016 Jun 1; 3(3): 233–237. </span><span style="font-size: 10.9987px; line-height: 17.9971px; white-space: nowrap;">doi: </span><span style="font-size: 10.9987px; line-height: 17.9971px; white-space: nowrap;"> </span><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1089%2Flgbt.2015.0006" ref="reftype=other&article-id=4894012&issue-id=270526&journal-id=2898&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=Content%20Provider%7CCrosslink%7CDOI&rendering-type=normal" style="color: #642a8f; font-size: 10.9987px; line-height: 17.9971px; white-space: nowrap;" target="pmc_ext">10.1089/lgbt.2015.0006</a></div>
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<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">More at: <a href="https://twitter.com/hiv_insight"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">https://twitter.com/hiv insight</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And: <a href="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health" target="_blank" title="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health"><span style="background: white; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://twitter.com/Prison
Health</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8983861980216634379.post-42275800429552864652016-06-09T18:55:00.001-10:002016-06-09T18:55:51.299-10:00Promoting male partner HIV testing & safer sexual decision making through secondary distribution of self-tests by HIV-negative female sex workers and women receiving antenatal and post-partum care in Kenya: A cohort study<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">BACKGROUND:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="BACKGROUND" nlmcategory="BACKGROUND">Increased
uptake of HIV testing by men in sub-Saharan Africa is essential for the success
of combination prevention. Self-testing is an emerging approach with high
acceptability, but little evidence exists on the best strategies for test
distribution. We assessed an approach of providing multiple self-tests to women
at high risk of HIV acquisition to promote partner HIV testing and to
facilitate safer sexual decision making.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">METHODS:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="METHODS" nlmcategory="METHODS">In this
cohort study, HIV-negative women aged 18-39 years were recruited at two sites
in Kisumu, Kenya: a health facility with antenatal and post-partum clinics and
a drop-in centre for female sex workers. Participants gave informed consent and
were instructed on use of oral fluid based rapid HIV tests. Participants
enrolled at the health facility received three self-tests and those at the
drop-in centre received five self-tests. Structured interviews were conducted
with participants at enrolment and over 3 months to determine how self-tests
were used. Outcomes included the number of self-tests distributed by
participants, the proportion of participants whose sexual partners used a
self-test, couples testing, and sexual behaviour after self-testing.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">FINDINGS:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="FINDINGS" nlmcategory="RESULTS">Between
Jan 14, 2015, and March 13, 2015, 280 participants were enrolled (61 in
antenatal care, 117 in post-partum care, and 102 female sex workers); follow-up
interviews were completed for 265 (96%). Most participants with primary sexual
partners distributed self-tests to partners: 53 (91%) of 58 participants in
antenatal care, 91 (86%) of 106 in post-partum care, and 64 (75%) of 85 female
sex workers. 82 (81%) of 101 female sex workers distributed more than one
self-test to commercial sex clients. Among self-tests distributed to and used
by primary sexual partners of participants, couples testing occurred in 27
(51%) of 53 in antenatal care, 62 (68%) of 91 from post-partum care, and 53
(83%) of 64 female sex workers. Among tests received by primary and non-primary
sexual partners, two (4%) of 53 tests from participants in antenatal care, two
(2%) of 91 in post-partum care, and 41 (14%) of 298 from female sex workers had
positive results. Participants reported sexual intercourse with 235 (62%) of
380 sexual partners who tested HIV-negative, compared with eight (18%) of 45
who tested HIV-positive (p<0·0001); condoms were used in all eight
intercourse events after positive results compared with 104 (44%) after of
negative results (p<0·0018). Four participants reported intimate partner
violence as a result of self-test distribution: two in the post-partum care
group and two female sex workers. No other adverse events were reported.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">INTERPRETATION:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="INTERPRETATION" nlmcategory="CONCLUSIONS">Provision
of multiple HIV self-tests to women at high risk of HIV infection was
successful in promoting HIV testing among their sexual partners and in
facilitating safer sexual decisions. This novel strategy warrants further
consideration as countries develop self-testing policies and programmes.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222;">Purchase full article at: <o:p></o:p></span><span style="color: #222222;"><a href="http://goo.gl/wBFsav">http://goo.gl/wBFsav</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222;">By: <o:p></o:p></span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Thirumurthy%20H%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27240789"><span style="color: #660066;">Thirumurthy H</span></a><sup>1</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Masters%20SH%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27240789"><span style="color: #660066;">Masters SH</span></a><sup>2</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Mavedzenge%20SN%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27240789"><span style="color: #660066;">Mavedzenge SN</span></a><sup>3</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Maman%20S%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27240789"><span style="color: #660066;">Maman S</span></a><sup>4</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Omanga%20E%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27240789"><span style="color: #660066;">Omanga E</span></a><sup>5</sup>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Agot%20K%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27240789"><span style="color: #660066;">Agot K</span></a><sup>5</sup>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #724128;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a aria-expanded="true" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27240789" id="ui-ncbitoggler-2" role="button" style="outline: none;" title="Open/close author information list"><span class="ui-ncbitoggler-master-text"><span style="color: #660066;">Author information</span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>1</sup>Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings
School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: harsha@unc.edu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>2</sup>Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings
School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
Chapel Hill, NC, USA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>3</sup>RTI International, San Francisco, CA, USA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>4</sup>Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of
Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill,
NC, USA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><sup>5</sup>Impact Research and Development Organization, Kisumu,
Kenya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27240789" title="The lancet. HIV."><span style="color: #660066;">Lancet HIV.</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>2016
Jun;3(6):e266-74. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(16)00041-2. Epub 2016 Apr 8.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p><span style="color: #222222;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">More at: <a href="https://twitter.com/hiv_insight"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">https://twitter.com/hiv insight</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And: <a href="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health" target="_blank" title="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health"><span style="background: white; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://twitter.com/Prison
Health</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8983861980216634379.post-8758559355485826032016-06-06T08:16:00.000-10:002016-06-06T08:16:12.163-10:00Universal Coverage without Universal Access: Institutional Barriers to Health Care among Women Sex Workers in Vancouver, Canada<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Background</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 1.125rem;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Access to health care is a crucial determinant of health.
Yet, even within settings that purport to provide universal health coverage
(UHC), sex workers’ experiences reveal systematic, institutionally ingrained
barriers to appropriate quality health care. The aim of this study was to
assess prevalence and correlates of institutional barriers to care among sex
workers in a setting with UHC.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Methods</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 1.125rem;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Data was drawn from an ongoing community-based, prospective
cohort of women sex workers in Vancouver, Canada (An Evaluation of Sex Workers’
Health Access). Multivariable logistic regression analyses, using generalized
estimating equations (GEE), were employed to longitudinally investigate correlates
of institutional barriers to care over a 44-month follow-up period (January
2010-August 2013).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Results</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 1.125rem;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In total, 723 sex workers were included, contributing to 2506
observations. Over the study period, 509 (70.4%) women reported one or more
institutional barriers to care. The most commonly reported institutional
barriers to care were long wait times (54.6%), limited hours of operation
(36.5%), and perceived disrespect by health care providers (26.1%). In
multivariable GEE analyses, recent partner- (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.46,
% 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.10–1.94), workplace- (AOR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.05–1.63),
and community-level violence (AOR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.04–1.92), as well as other
markers of vulnerability, such as self-identification as a gender/sexual
minority (AOR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.03–1.69), a mental illness diagnosis (AOR =
1.66, 95% CI 1.34–2.06), and lack of provincial health insurance card (AOR =
3.47, 95% CI 1.59–7.57) emerged as independent correlates of institutional
barriers to health services.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Discussion</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 1.125rem;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Despite Canada’s UHC, women sex workers in Vancouver face
high prevalence of institutional barriers to care, with highest burden among
most marginalized women. These findings underscore the need to explore new
models of care, alongside broader policy changes to fulfill sex workers’ health
and human rights.</span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.125rem;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.125rem;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Below: </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Frequency of institutional-level barriers to health care among sex workers in Vancouver, Canada, 2010–2013</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWV89_NBzUMNeOHq4lGKLBtdtcQ9GF1QW4hAxxk1ObwlaCptI6MMDE0tBvPWSTfQ_iN9aOAlf8AVOz6hF-tiH2Id9liaUZfOHHwF4zPPirh3WLs-s73nOoYZIHBBv-sLGiBeWUrZcKfzU/s1600/Frequency+of+institutional-level+barriers+to+health+care+among+sex+workers+in+Vancouver%252C+Canada%252C+2010%25E2%2580%25932013.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWV89_NBzUMNeOHq4lGKLBtdtcQ9GF1QW4hAxxk1ObwlaCptI6MMDE0tBvPWSTfQ_iN9aOAlf8AVOz6hF-tiH2Id9liaUZfOHHwF4zPPirh3WLs-s73nOoYZIHBBv-sLGiBeWUrZcKfzU/s640/Frequency+of+institutional-level+barriers+to+health+care+among+sex+workers+in+Vancouver%252C+Canada%252C+2010%25E2%2580%25932013.PNG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222;">Full article at: </span><span style="color: #222222;"><a href="http://goo.gl/2p7VoO">http://goo.gl/2p7VoO</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">By: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="author-list">M. Eugenia Socías, Paul Nguyen, Julio Montaner,
Kate Shannon</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />
British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul’s Hospital,
Vancouver, BC, Canada</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.125rem; margin-bottom: 0.625rem; overflow: visible;"><span class="author-list"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.125rem; margin-bottom: 0.625rem; overflow: visible;"><span class="author-list">M. Eugenia Socías, Julio Montaner, Kate Shannon</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="line-height: 1.125rem;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 1.125rem;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, St. Paul’s Hospital,
Vancouver, BC, Canada</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.125rem; margin-bottom: 0.625rem; overflow: visible;"><span class="author-list"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.125rem; margin-bottom: 0.625rem; overflow: visible;"><span class="author-list">Jean Shoveller</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="line-height: 1.125rem;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 1.125rem;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, BC, Canada</span></span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.125rem; margin-bottom: 0.625rem; overflow: visible;"><span class="author-list"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.125rem; margin-bottom: 0.625rem; overflow: visible;"><span class="author-list"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Chili Bean</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 1.125rem;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sex Workers United Against Violence Society, Vancouver, BC, Canada</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.125rem; margin: 0.8125rem; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222;">More at: </span><a href="https://twitter.com/hiv_insight"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">https://twitter.com/hiv insight</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And: <a href="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health" target="_blank" title="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health"><span style="background: white; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://twitter.com/Prison
Health</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8983861980216634379.post-90007245071718503692016-06-03T10:40:00.001-10:002016-06-03T10:40:26.199-10:00Transgressive women don't deserve protection: Young men's narratives of sexual violence against women in rural Papua New Guinea<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white;">Sexual violence against women
and girls is commonplace in Papua New Guinea (PNG). While the experiences of
women are rightly given central place in institutional responses to sexual
violence, the men who perpetrate violence are often overlooked, an oversight
that undermines the effectiveness of prevention efforts. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white;">This paper draws on
interviews conducted with young men as part of a qualitative longitudinal study
of masculinity and male sexuality in a rural highland area of PNG. It explores
one aspect of male sexuality: men's narratives of sexual violence. Most
striking from the data is that the collective enactment of sexual violence
against women and girls is reported as an everyday and accepted practice
amongst young men. However, not all women and girls were described as equally
at risk, with those who transgress gender roles and roles inscribed and
reinforced by patriarchal structures, at greater risk. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white;">To address this
situation, efforts to reduce sexual violence against women and girls require an
increased focus on male-centred intervention to critically engage with the
forms of patriarchal authority that give license to sexual violence.
Understanding the perceptions and experiences of men as perpetrators of sexual
violence is a critical first step in the process of changing normative
perceptions of gender, a task crucial to reducing sexual violence in countries
such as PNG.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222;">Purchase full article at: <o:p></o:p></span><span style="color: #222222;"><a href="http://goo.gl/nVL2Zu">http://goo.gl/nVL2Zu</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222;">By: <o:p></o:p></span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Kelly-Hanku%20A%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27250111" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Kelly-Hanku A</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1,</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Aeno%20H%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27250111" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Aeno H</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Wilson%20L%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27250111" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Wilson L</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Eves%20R%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27250111" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Eves R</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Mek%20A%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27250111" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Mek A</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Nake%20Trumb%20R%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27250111" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Nake Trumb R</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Whittaker%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27250111" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Whittaker M</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Fitzgerald%20L%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27250111" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Fitzgerald L</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Kaldor%20JM%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27250111" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Kaldor JM</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Vallely%20A%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27250111" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Vallely A</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">.</span></span></div>
<ul aria-hidden="false" class="ui-ncbi-toggler-slave ui-ncbitoggler ui-ncbitoggler-slave-open" style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.9px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;">
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span> Sexual and Reproductive and Maternal Health Unit , Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research , Goroka , Papua New Guinea.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span> Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia , Sydney , Australia.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span> School of Political Science and International Studies , University of Queensland , St Lucia , Australia.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span> State, Society and Governance in Melanesia Program , Australian National University , Canberra , Australia.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span> School of Public Health , University of Queensland , Herston , Australia.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span role="menubar" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0045px; line-height: 15.9565px;"><a abstractlink="yes" alsec="jour" alterm="Cult Health Sex." aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27250111#" role="menuitem" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;" title="Culture, health & sexuality.">Cult Health Sex.</a></span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0045px; line-height: 15.9565px;"> 2016 Jun 2:1-14.</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">More at: <a href="https://twitter.com/hiv_insight"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">https://twitter.com/hiv insight</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And: <a href="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health" target="_blank" title="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health"><span style="background: white; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://twitter.com/Prison
Health</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8983861980216634379.post-33204575822943322552016-06-01T16:23:00.000-10:002016-06-01T16:27:41.578-10:00Demographic and behavioral correlates of HIV/STI among Vietnamese female sex workers in southwest China<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Previous literature has
suggested high rates of HIV/STIs among Chinese FSWs. However, limited data were
available regarding HIV-related risks among Vietnamese FSWs – a rapidly
increasing, vulnerable population in southwest China. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The current study
examined the demographic and behavioral factors associated with the infection
rates of HIV, syphilis, and Hepatitis C (HCV) among Vietnamese FSWs in Guangxi,
China. We conducted a secondary data analysis of a cumulative sample of 1026
Vietnamese FSWs (aged 14–66) recruited over five years (2010–2014) from 35
National Sentinel Surveillance sites in Guangxi. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white;">Analyses included Fisher’s
exact chi-square test,</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white;"> </span></span><i><span style="background: white;">t</span></i><span style="background: white;">-test, and binary logistic regression. The overall
prevalence of HIV, syphilis, and HCV infections among the cross-border women
were 3.2%, 6.9%, and 2.6%, respectively. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Multivariate analysis showed that
greater lengths of sex work and low paying work venues were significant risk
factors for HIV infection; for syphilis infection, older age, drug use
experience, and forgoing condom use were significant risk factors; for HCV
infection, drug use experience was the only significant risk factor. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Our findings
suggest that elevated HIV-related risks among the Vietnamese FSWs are closely
related to their financial disadvantages and that drug use is a prominent risk
factor for cross-border women in the sex trade. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Furthermore, culturally
tailored and linguistically accessible HIV prevention and intervention
initiatives that target cross-border FSWs, with a close international
collaboration between China and Vietnam, are urgently needed.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222;">Purchase full article at: <o:p></o:p></span><span style="color: #222222;"><a href="http://goo.gl/OaUB1w">http://goo.gl/OaUB1w</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222;">By: </span></span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Yu%20YJ%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27240573" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Yu YJ</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Li%20X%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27240573" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Li X</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Tam%20CC%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27240573" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Tam CC</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Zhou%20Y%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27240573" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Zhou Y</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Chen%20Y%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27240573" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Chen Y</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Shen%20Z%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27240573" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Shen Z</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">.</span></span></div>
<ul aria-hidden="false" class="ui-ncbi-toggler-slave ui-ncbitoggler ui-ncbitoggler-slave-open" style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.9px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;">
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>a Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>b Department of Psychology , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>c Guangxi CDC, <span class="highlight">HIV</span>&STD Prevention Center , Nanning , Guangxi , People's Republic of <span class="highlight">China</span>.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span role="menubar" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0045px; line-height: 15.9565px;"><a abstractlink="yes" alsec="jour" alterm="AIDS Care." aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Demographic+and+behavioral+correlates+of+HIV%2FSTI+among+Vietnamese+female+sex+workers+in+southwest+China#" role="menuitem" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;" title="AIDS care.">AIDS Care.</a></span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0045px; line-height: 15.9565px;"> 2016 May 30:1-6</span></span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">More at: <a href="https://twitter.com/hiv_insight"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">https://twitter.com/hiv insight</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And: <a href="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health" target="_blank" title="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health"><span style="background: white; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://twitter.com/Prison
Health</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8983861980216634379.post-64350949957261257122016-06-01T01:40:00.000-10:002016-06-01T01:40:33.630-10:00Is Bondage and Discipline, Dominance and Submission, and Sadomasochism Recreational Leisure? A Descriptive Exploratory Investigation<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">INTRODUCTION:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="INTRODUCTION" nlmcategory="BACKGROUND">Recent
studies have suggested that, in contrast to traditional psychopathologic
explanations, bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, and
sadomasochism (BDSM) could be understood as recreational leisure. However, the
theoretical framing of BDSM as potential leisure has not been empirically
explored.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">AIM:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="AIM" nlmcategory="OBJECTIVE">To conduct
an initial empirical exploration to determine whether BDSM experience fits established
characteristics of recreational leisure.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">METHODS:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="METHODS" nlmcategory="METHODS">A
convenience sample of BDSM participants (N = 935) completed an online
survey (9 demographic questions and 17 leisure questions) that assessed BDSM
experience according to important attributes of leisure. Responses also were
assessed and statistically compared as being primarily casual or serious
leisure according to general BDSM identities (ie, dominants vs submissives vs
switches).</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES" nlmcategory="METHODS">BDSM
experiences were assessed as a form of potential leisure.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">RESULTS:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="RESULTS" nlmcategory="RESULTS">Most BDSM
experiences met leisure criteria. Participants reported that "most of the
time or nearly always" BDSM was associated with a sense of personal
freedom (89.7% of participants), pleasure or enjoyment (98.5%), sense of
adventure (90.7%), use of personal skills (90.8%), relaxation or decreased
stress (91.4%), self-expression or exploration (90.6%), and positive emotions
(96.6%). BDSM seemed to function as primarily serious, rather than casual,
leisure, but important statistical differences were observed based on specific
BDSM identities.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">CONCLUSION:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="CONCLUSION" nlmcategory="CONCLUSIONS">A
leisure science perspective could be valuable to researchers and clinicians in
reinterpreting the wide range of diverse BDSM motivations and practices.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222;">Purchase full article at: <o:p></o:p></span><span style="color: #222222;"><a href="http://goo.gl/6Fh6dR">http://goo.gl/6Fh6dR</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222;">By: <o:p></o:p></span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Dj%20Williams%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27235283" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Dj Williams</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Prior%20EE%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27235283" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Prior EE</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Alvarado%20T%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27235283" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Alvarado T</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Thomas%20JN%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27235283" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Thomas JN</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Christensen%20MC%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27235283" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Christensen MC</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">.</span></span></div>
<ul aria-hidden="false" class="ui-ncbi-toggler-slave ui-ncbitoggler ui-ncbitoggler-slave-open" style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.9px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;">
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>Center for Positive Sexuality, Burbank, CA, USA; Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA. Electronic address: willdj@isu.edu.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>Center for Positive Sexuality, Burbank, CA, USA; College of the Canyons, Santa Clarita, CA, USA.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>College of the Canyons, Santa Clarita, CA, USA.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>Center for Positive Sexuality, Burbank, CA, USA; Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span>Center for Positive Sexuality, Burbank, CA, USA; University of Texas-San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222;"><span role="menubar" style="color: black; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0045px; line-height: 15.9565px;"><a abstractlink="yes" alsec="jour" alterm="J Sex Med." aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27235283#" role="menuitem" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; outline: 0px;" title="The journal of sexual medicine.">J Sex Med.</a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0045px; line-height: 15.9565px;"> 2016 May 24. pii: S1743-6095(16)30191-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.05.001.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">More at: <a href="https://twitter.com/hiv_insight"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">https://twitter.com/hiv insight</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And: <a href="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health" target="_blank" title="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health"><span style="background: white; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://twitter.com/Prison
Health</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8983861980216634379.post-45385126891890631402016-05-31T16:04:00.000-10:002016-05-31T16:04:17.560-10:00Blood-borne viral co-infections among HIV+ inmates<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq9GDvegy6o-AqTzk0MpJ8Vjk0WdOyplVQrhurOV5jef5w8ffBQwJfnTDfBB1MR9NMwaa_iCtUkO9c_20m_CfC-4G_P0wIO0ajF-hQGsKQj4Ef7pQxqwqrP8isOa5MFn4SpqLJ4_dkKMM/s1600/Blood-borne+viral+co-infections+among+human+immunodeficiency+virus-infected+inmates.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="388" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq9GDvegy6o-AqTzk0MpJ8Vjk0WdOyplVQrhurOV5jef5w8ffBQwJfnTDfBB1MR9NMwaa_iCtUkO9c_20m_CfC-4G_P0wIO0ajF-hQGsKQj4Ef7pQxqwqrP8isOa5MFn4SpqLJ4_dkKMM/s640/Blood-borne+viral+co-infections+among+human+immunodeficiency+virus-infected+inmates.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Via: <a href="http://goo.gl/mbSFE5">http://goo.gl/mbSFE5</a></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8983861980216634379.post-19493947649271146692016-05-31T16:01:00.000-10:002016-05-31T16:01:09.758-10:00Porn consumption among adolescent girls in Sweden<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDOM0tzVZs_uVwA5Aoiff0shq7DtQrfxxikEwz2EIRdvqFceSBlUce9JO469KtgLliFUzlFZUfOvdCndoPBBoFbKXVdyvAe0IxPFygQB73IRhEO7yDfa3bsvRHqKKe-rx7zykjdutaGIc/s1600/Pornography+consumption+among+adolescent+girls+in+Sweden.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="388" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDOM0tzVZs_uVwA5Aoiff0shq7DtQrfxxikEwz2EIRdvqFceSBlUce9JO469KtgLliFUzlFZUfOvdCndoPBBoFbKXVdyvAe0IxPFygQB73IRhEO7yDfa3bsvRHqKKe-rx7zykjdutaGIc/s640/Pornography+consumption+among+adolescent+girls+in+Sweden.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Via: <a href="http://goo.gl/7jI6BH">http://goo.gl/7jI6BH</a></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8983861980216634379.post-11229423092990078292016-05-31T12:07:00.000-10:002016-05-31T12:07:01.493-10:00Improving Adherence to Post-Cervical Biopsy Sexual Abstinence in Kenyan Female Sex Workers<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">PROBLEM:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="PROBLEM" nlmcategory="OBJECTIVE">Cervical
biopsies offer a unique opportunity for studying local immune response. To
investigate hormonally induced immune fluctuations in cervical tissues of
Kenyan female sex workers, we improved biopsy sampling protocol safety. Here,
we report on steps taken to minimize exposure to HIV following two cervical
biopsies.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">METHODS OF STUDY:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="METHODS OF STUDY" nlmcategory="METHODS">Women
were asked to abstain from vaginal intercourse to limit HIV exposure during
wound healing with financial compensation. A comprehension tool for informed
consent, on-site detection of prostate-specific antigens indicating unprotected
intercourse within 48 hr, and bi-weekly text message reminders were implemented.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">RESULTS:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="RESULTS" nlmcategory="RESULTS">The
implemented methods improved compliance with post-procedure abstinence by two
times (P = 0.013). Fourteen days following a cervical biopsy, no sign of
genital inflammation or change in HIV T-cell target proportion were observed.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">CONCLUSIONS:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="CONCLUSIONS" nlmcategory="CONCLUSIONS">This
study provides new tools for limiting HIV exposure in studies requiring biopsy
sampling among women at risk of acquiring HIV.</abstracttext><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="CONCLUSIONS" nlmcategory="CONCLUSIONS"><br /></abstracttext></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><abstracttext label="CONCLUSIONS" nlmcategory="CONCLUSIONS">Below: </abstracttext>Schematic representation of the study visits</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2BUy5Spcl0k3SBdKFrFwbJu-YO_O2XcTG1759Ztt7BqstKr4EcsLS30aG63o20oGaXKFU9vW2cyoXfDHLj1NLj9hL2oO_4VlB-3Ytg0h9wv9KltSG_xUI7-pfEpTBeQL_WfWyvl7jbhY/s1600/Schematic+representation+of+the+study+visits.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="172" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2BUy5Spcl0k3SBdKFrFwbJu-YO_O2XcTG1759Ztt7BqstKr4EcsLS30aG63o20oGaXKFU9vW2cyoXfDHLj1NLj9hL2oO_4VlB-3Ytg0h9wv9KltSG_xUI7-pfEpTBeQL_WfWyvl7jbhY/s640/Schematic+representation+of+the+study+visits.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222;">Below: </span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">PSA-semiquant cassette test serial dilutions to indicate PSA concentrations</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcPxqZGJREr7W8Q1z1qzhavJ7IsYOgI6rWRba3V5v0PkQqnMeZ3f0dpL5tr76D7zSuDEgb0HzMl8pGNJ5_LmFvPvDRnPLH-tEziIk1P3TuLpRbKniX0gGGvnWKlqcQ7PKjadtBz_eeJXk/s1600/PSA-semiquant+cassette+test+serial+dilutions+to+indicate+PSA+concentrations.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="94" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcPxqZGJREr7W8Q1z1qzhavJ7IsYOgI6rWRba3V5v0PkQqnMeZ3f0dpL5tr76D7zSuDEgb0HzMl8pGNJ5_LmFvPvDRnPLH-tEziIk1P3TuLpRbKniX0gGGvnWKlqcQ7PKjadtBz_eeJXk/s640/PSA-semiquant+cassette+test+serial+dilutions+to+indicate+PSA+concentrations.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Below: </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Proportion of cervical HIV T-cell targets in HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected FSWs before and after biopsy sampling</span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsDlghm0l6cdDeZUwMOFiPXyAipTRPywSkRAEgauTVa7hsUxPJ8_-MJMsFT_jvevI9-cuna9zTgGFAfdV-mj1CWzgMqdZH-mh14-vKOwqG5h_-PvvZlIq9MvVk4vD-i3STG8BONubeZ6E/s1600/Proportion+of+cervical+HIV+T-cell+targets+in+HIV-uninfected+and+HIV-infected+FSWs+before+and+after+biopsy+sampling.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="422" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsDlghm0l6cdDeZUwMOFiPXyAipTRPywSkRAEgauTVa7hsUxPJ8_-MJMsFT_jvevI9-cuna9zTgGFAfdV-mj1CWzgMqdZH-mh14-vKOwqG5h_-PvvZlIq9MvVk4vD-i3STG8BONubeZ6E/s640/Proportion+of+cervical+HIV+T-cell+targets+in+HIV-uninfected+and+HIV-infected+FSWs+before+and+after+biopsy+sampling.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Full article at: <o:p></o:p></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://goo.gl/tX6M5j">http://goo.gl/tX6M5j</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222;">By: <o:p></o:p></span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Lajoie%20J%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27221472" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Lajoie J</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1,</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">2,</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Boily-Larouche%20G%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27221472" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Boily-Larouche G</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Doering%20K%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27221472" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Doering K</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Cheruiyot%20J%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27221472" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Cheruiyot J</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Oyugi%20J%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27221472" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Oyugi J</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1,</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">3,</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Broliden%20K%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27221472" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Broliden K</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Kimani%20J%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27221472" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Kimani J</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1,</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">3,</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">, </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Fowke%20KR%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=27221472" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066; line-height: 16.6138px;">Fowke KR</a><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1,</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">2,</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.6138px;">.</span></span></div>
<ul aria-hidden="false" class="ui-ncbi-toggler-slave ui-ncbitoggler ui-ncbitoggler-slave-open" style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.9px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;">
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">2</span>Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">3</span>Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">4</span>Kenya AIDS Control Program, Nairobi, Kenya.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">5</span>Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span role="menubar" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0045px; line-height: 15.9565px;"><a abstractlink="yes" alsec="jour" alterm="Am J Reprod Immunol." aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27221472#" role="menuitem" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;" title="American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989).">Am J Reprod Immunol.</a></span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0045px; line-height: 15.9565px;"> 2016 May 24. doi: 10.1111/aji.12520.</span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">More at: <a href="https://twitter.com/hiv_insight"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">https://twitter.com/hiv insight</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And: <a href="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health" target="_blank" title="http://twitter.com/Prison_Health"><span style="background: white; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://twitter.com/Prison
Health</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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