The Norwegian prison inmates
are burdened by problems before they enter prison. Few studies have managed to
assess this burden and relate it to what occurs for the inmates once they leave
the prison. The Norwegian Offender Mental Health and Addiction (NorMA) study is
a large-scale longitudinal cohort study that combines national survey and
registry data in order to understand mental health, substance use, and criminal
activity before, during, and after custody among prisoners in Norway. The main
goal of the study is to describe the criminal and health-related trajectories
based on both survey and registry linkage information. Data were collected from
1,499 inmates in Norwegian prison facilities during 2013-2014. Of these, 741
inmates provided a valid personal identification number and constitute a cohort
that will be examined retrospectively and prospectively, along with data from
nationwide Norwegian registries. This study describes the design, procedures,
and implementation of the ongoing NorMA study and provides an outline of the
initial data.
Below: Baseline questionnaire information about prisoners’ experiences at different phases: childhood/early life, before and during custody.
Table 1
Background and prisoning characteristics (n = 1499).
| TOTAL (n = 1499) | VALID PIN (n = 741) | NON-VALID PIN (n = 758) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Gender (men)* | 1396 | 93.1% | 690 | 93.1% | 706 | 93.1% |
| Age (mean)* | 34.6 | 35.5 | 33.6 | |||
| Country of birth* | ||||||
| Norway | 1006 | 67.1% | 604 | 81.5% | 402 | 53.0% |
| Nordic Countries, outside Norway | 40 | 2.7% | 10 | 1.3% | 30 | 4.0% |
| Western Europe outside Scandinavia | 53 | 3.5% | 9 | 1.2% | 44 | 5.8% |
| Eastern Europe | 126 | 8.4% | 27 | 3.6% | 99 | 13.1% |
| Africa | 109 | 7.3% | 23 | 3.1% | 86 | 11.3% |
| South or Central America | 20 | 1.3% | 7 | 0.9% | 13 | 1.7% |
| North America | 10 | 0.7% | 1 | 0.1% | 9 | 1.2% |
| Asia | 85 | 5.7% | 42 | 5.7% | 43 | 5.7% |
| Oceania | 1 | 0.1% | 1 | 0.1% | ||
| Norwegian citizenship* | 1134 | 75.7% | 662 | 89.3% | 472 | 62.3% |
| Status of imprisonment*a | ||||||
| Sentence | 1131 | 75.5% | 579 | 78.1% | 552 | 72.8% |
| Remand | 269 | 17.9% | 144 | 19.4% | 125 | 16.5% |
| Protective custody | 73 | 4.9% | 17 | 2.3% | 56 | 7.4% |
Notes:
*Missing values: Gender (n = 7, 0.5%), Age (n = 131, 8.7%), Country of birth (n = 49, 3.3%), Norwegian citizenship (n = 35, 2.3%), Status of imprisonment (n = 41, 2.7%).
a15 respondents reported both Sentence and Remand.
Full article at: http://goo.gl/vn3gCZ
By:
1Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research,
Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
2Oslo University Hospital, Division for
Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo, Norway.
3The Correctional Service of Norway, Staff
Academy, Oslo, Norway.
4Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drug
Research, Oslo, Norway.
5Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Hamar, Norway.
6Norwegian Institute of Public Health,
Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Oslo, Norway.
7Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, CA,
USA.
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