Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) commonly causes
orolabial ulcers, while HSV-2 commonly causes genital ulcers. However, HSV-1 is
an increasing cause of genital infection. Previously, the World Health
Organization estimated the global burden of HSV-2 for 2003 and for 2012. The
global burden of HSV-1 has not been estimated.
We fitted a constant-incidence model to pooled HSV-1
prevalence data from literature searches for 6 World Health Organization
regions and used 2012 population data to derive global numbers of
0-49-year-olds with prevalent and incident HSV-1 infection. To estimate genital
HSV-1, we applied values for the proportion of incident infections that are
genital.
We estimated that 3709 million people (range: 3440–3878
million) aged 0–49 years had prevalent HSV-1 infection in 2012 (67%), with
highest prevalence in Africa, South-East Asia and Western Pacific. Assuming 50%
of incident infections among 15-49-year-olds are genital, an estimated 140
million (range: 67–212 million) people had prevalent genital HSV-1 infection,
most of which occurred in the Americas, Europe and Western Pacific.
The global burden of HSV-1 infection is huge. Genital HSV-1
burden can be substantial but varies widely by region. Future control efforts,
including development of HSV vaccines, should consider the epidemiology of
HSV-1 in addition to HSV-2, and especially the relative contribution of HSV-1
to genital infection.
By:
Katharine J. Looker, Margaret T. May, Katherine M. E.
Turner, Peter Vickerman
School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Amalia S. Magaret
Department of Laboratory
Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of
America
Sami L. Gottlieb, Lori M. Newman
Department of Reproductive
Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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