Heroin dependence is associated with deficits in impulsivity, which is
also a core feature of ADHD. This study aimed to explore the association between childhood ADHD symptoms and cognitive and motor impulsivity among abstinent individuals
with a history of heroin dependence.
Thirty-two abstinent Bulgarian
males with a history of heroin dependence
participated in the study. Self-rated childhood ADHD symptoms were
obtained using the Wender-Utah Rating Scale. Cognitive impulsivity was measured using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), an
index of impulsive decision-making and the Delayed Reward Discounting Task (DRDT),
a measure of inter-temporal choice. Motor impulsivity was
indexed with the Stop Signal Task (SST), a measure of response inhibition.
Participants, whose average age was 27.66 years (SD = 2.7), had
an average ADHD symptom
score of 36.6 (SD = 18.6), roughly 7 years (SD = 2.9) of heroin use, and been abstinent for
just over a year (M = 402.5 days, SD = 223.8). Linear regression analyses revealed
that self-reported ADHD symptoms predicted
impulsive decision-making (IGT), but not delayed discounting (DRDT) or response
inhibition (SST).
Self-reported childhood ADHD symptoms do
not uniformly predict impulsivity among abstinent individuals with heroin dependence.
Results suggest the IGT may be more sensitive to externalizing psychopathology among
individuals with heroin dependence
than other measures of impulsivity.
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