Dynamic Patterns of Adolescent Substance Use: Results from a Nationally Representative Sample of High School Students
OBJECTIVE:
Use
of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs increases during the high
school years, yet little is known about individual patterns over time,
particularly patterns of contemporaneous multiple-substance use. This study
examined trajectories of contemporaneous substance use and how individual and
social factors differentially predict patterns of substance use.
METHOD:
Longitudinal
trajectories of substance use were examined in a nationally representative
sample of students (N = 2,512) over a 3-year period (10th through 12th grades)
using latent class analysis. Individual, parental, and peer risk factors in
10th grade were examined in relation to membership in trajectory classes.
RESULT:
A
five-class model was identified: nonusers (45.5%); tobacco, alcohol, and other
drug users (9.2%); alcohol and other drug users (9.2%); increasing
multiple-substance users (16.7%); and decreasing multiple-substance users
(19.4%). Depressive symptoms at baseline were associated with a higher
likelihood of membership in all classes except the increasing multiple-substance-user
class, but the association becomes insignificant when social influence factors
were adjusted. Parental-monitoring knowledge was associated with a lower
likelihood of membership in all classes except increasing
multiple-substance-user class, whereas perceived parental disapproval was
associated with a lower likelihood of membership in the tobacco, alcohol, and
other drug user class. Peer substance use was associated with a higher
likelihood of membership in each of the substance use classes.
CONCLUSIONS:
The
identified longitudinal profiles highlight the pervasiveness and dynamic
patterns of contemporaneous multiple-substance use during 10th through 12th
grades. Negative peer influence increased risk, whereas positive parenting
behaviors decreased risk. The findings are consistent with the need to foster
social influences and protective factors against adolescent substance use.
By: Brooks-Russell A1, Conway KP2, Liu D3, Xie Y3,4, Vullo GC2,5, Li K3, Iannotti RJ6, Compton W2, Simons-Morton B3.
- 1Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
- 2Division of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
- 3Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
- 4Glotech, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland.
- 5Kelly Government Solutions, Bethesda, Maryland.
- 6College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts.
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