We examined the relationship between having a history of incarceration and being a current smoker using a national
sample of noninstitutionalized Black adults living in the United States.
With data from the National Survey of American Life
collected between February 2001 and March 2003, we calculated individual
propensity scores for having a history of incarceration. To examine the relationship between
prior incarceration and
current smoking status, we ran gender-specific propensity-matched fitted
logistic regression models.
A history of incarceration was
consistently and independently associated with a higher risk of current tobacco
smoking in men and women. Formerly incarcerated Black men had 1.77 times the
risk of being a current tobacco smoker than did their counterparts without a
history of incarceration (95%
confidence interval [CI] = 1.20, 2.61) in the propensity score-matched sample.
The results were similar among Black women (prevalence ratio = 1.61; 95%
CI = 1.00, 2.57).
Mass incarceration likely
contributes to the prevalence of smoking among US Blacks. Future research
should explore whether the exclusion of institutionalized populations in
national statistics obscures Black-White disparities in tobacco smoking.
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By:
- 1Zinzi D. Bailey, Cassandra Okechukwu, Ichiro Kawachi, and David R. Williams are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Zinzi D. Bailey is also with the Montreal Health Equity Research Consortium, Institute of Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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