The Role of Depression in Retention in Care for Persons Living with HIV

Individuals infected with HIV experience high rates of depression when compared to their sero-negative counterparts. Although symptoms of depression have been consistently linked to poor medication adherence among persons living with HIV/AIDS, their relation to retention in care are less well-known. 

The purpose of this study was to examine whether clusters of depressive symptoms influence retention in care and if so, whether these clusters had different relations to retention in care. This is a secondary data analysis of a larger study that investigated the role of health literacy, cognitive impairment, and social determinants on retention in HIV care. Individuals with HIV were recruited from South Florida from August 2009 to May 2011. A total of 210 participants were included in the current analyses. 

A measure of visit constancy was calculated to represent the number of 4-month intervals with at least one kept visit. Individual items on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale short form (CES-D10) and factor analysis of the CES-D10 were independent variables. 

Overall, there was a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in the study participants. Furthermore, factor analysis showed that certain clusters of depressive symptoms were significantly associated with visit constancy. Specifically, negative mood/somatic symptoms were associated with a greater odds of missing a visit in any of the observed 4-month time periods than positive mood factor. 

Those patients reporting somatic symptoms and negative mood may need additional intervention and support to be effectively retained in care and successfully follow through with appointments and care.

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By: Julie Ann Zuniga, PhD, RN,¹ Moka Yoo-Jeong, RN,² Tian Dai, MS,³ Ying Guo, PhD,³ and Drenna Waldrop-Valverde, PhD²

¹School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.

²Nell Hodgson School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.

³Rollins School of Public Health of Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta,Georgia.

  

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