Recent advances in positive
youth development theory and research explicate complex associations between
adaptive functioning and risk behavior, acknowledging that high levels of both
co-occur in the lives of some adolescents. However, evidence on nuanced
overlapping developmental trajectories of adaptive functioning and risk has
been limited to 1 sample of youth and a single conceptualization of adaptive
functioning.
We build on prior work by utilizing a nationally representative
sample of U.S. adolescents (N = 1,665) followed from 7th grade until after high
school and using a measure of adaptive functioning that was validated in a
secondary sample of older adolescents (N = 93). In using dual trajectory growth
mixture modeling to investigate links between developmental trajectories of
adaptive functioning and delinquency and substance use, respectively, results
provided evidence of heterogeneity in the overlap between adaptive functioning
and risk trajectories.
Males were more likely to be in the highest adaptive
functioning group as well as the most at-risk delinquency class. The magnitude
of negative associations between adaptive functioning and both risk behaviors
decreased at Wave 3, indicating a decoupling of adaptive functioning and risk
as youth aged.
These findings converge in underscoring the need to generate a
cohesive theory that specifies factors that promote adaptive functioning and
risk in concert.
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