Objective:
The purpose of this study was
to estimate the independent effects of increases in minimum alcohol prices and
densities of private liquor stores on crime outcomes in British Columbia,
Canada, during a partial privatization of off-premise liquor sales.
A time-series cross-sectional
panel study was conducted using mixed model regression analysis to explore
associations between minimum alcohol prices, densities of liquor outlets, and
crime outcomes across 89 local health areas of British Columbia between 2002
and 2010. Archival data on minimum alcohol prices, per capita alcohol outlet
densities, and ecological demographic characteristics were related to measures
of crimes against persons, alcohol-related traffic violations, and
non–alcohol-related traffic violations. Analyses were adjusted for temporal and
regional autocorrelation.
A 10% increase in provincial
minimum alcohol prices was associated with an 18.81% reduction in alcohol-related traffic violations, a 9.17% reduction in crimes against persons, and a 9.39% reduction in total rates of crime outcomes examined. There was no
significant association between minimum alcohol prices and non–alcohol-related
traffic violations. Densities of private liquor stores
were not significantly associated with alcohol-involved traffic violations or
crimes against persons, though they were with non–alcohol-related traffic
violations.
Reductions in crime events associated
with minimum-alcohol-price changes were more substantial and specific to
alcohol-related events than the countervailing increases in densities of
private liquor stores. The findings lend further support to the application of
minimum alcohol prices for public health and safety objectives.
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By: Tim Stockwell, Ph.D.,a,b,* Jinhui Zhao, Ph.D.,a Miesha Marzell, Ph.D.,c Paul J. Gruenewald, Ph.D.,d Scott Macdonald,Ph.D.,a,e William R. Ponicki, M.A.,d & Gina Martin, M.Sc.f
Affiliations
aCentre for Addictions Research of British Columbia, University of
Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
bDepartment of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
cDepartment of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
dPrevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Oakland, California
eSchool of Health Information Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
fSchool of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland
bDepartment of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
cDepartment of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
dPrevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Oakland, California
eSchool of Health Information Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
fSchool of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland
*Correspondence may be sent to Tim Stockwell at the Centre
for Addictions Research of British Columbia, University of Victoria, P.O. Box
1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada, or via email at: timstock@uvic.ca.
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