The proportion of overweight
and obese adults in the United States and Canada has increased over the past
decade, but temporal trends in body mass index (BMI) and weight gain on
antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV-infected adults
have not been well characterized.
We conducted a cohort study comparing HIV-infected adults in the North America AIDS Cohort
Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) to United States National
Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) controls matched by sex, race,
and age over the period 1998 to 2010. Multivariable linear regression assessed
the relationship between BMI and year of ART initiation, adjusting for sex,
race, age, and baseline CD4(+) count. Temporal trends in weight on ART were
assessed using a generalized least-squares model further adjusted for HIV-1 RNA and first ART regimen class.
A total of 14,084
patients from 17 cohorts contributed data; 83% were male, 57% were nonwhite,
and the median age was 40 years. Median BMI at ART initiation increased from
23.8 to 24.8 kg/m(2) between 1998 and 2010 in NA-ACCORD, but the percentage of
those obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m(2)) at ART initiation increased from 9% to 18%. After
3 years of ART, 22% of individuals with a normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)) at
baseline had become overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m(2)), and 18% of those
overweight at baseline had become obese. HIV-infected white women had a higher BMI after 3 years
of ART as compared to age-matched white women in NHANES (p = 0.02), while no
difference in BMI after 3 years of ART was observed for HIV-infected men or non-white women compared to controls.
The high prevalence of obesity we observed among ART-exposed HIV-infected adults in North America may contribute to
health complications in the future.
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By: Koethe JR1, Jenkins CA1, Lau B2, Shepherd BE1, Justice AC3,4, Tate JP3,4, Buchacz K5, Napravnik S6, Mayor AM7, Horberg MA8, Blashill AJ9, Willig A10,Wester CW1, Silverberg MJ11, Gill J12, Thorne JE2, Klein M13, Eron JJ6, Kitahata MM14, Sterling TR1, Moore RD2; North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD).
1 Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee.
2 Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland.
3 Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut.
4 VA Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven, Connecticut.
5 Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia .
66 University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
77 Universidad Central del Caribe , Bayamon, Puerto Rico .
88 Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute , Rockville, Maryland.
99 Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.
1010 University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.
1111 Kaiser Permanente Northern California , Oakland, California.
1212 Alberta HIV Clinic , Sheldon M. Chumir Health Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada .
1313 McGill University Health Center , Montreal, Quebec, Canada .
1414 University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2016 Jan;32(1):50-8. doi: 10.1089/aid.2015.0147. Epub 2015 Sep 9.
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