Shame, Guilt, and Suicide Ideation among Bondage and Discipline, Dominance and Submission, and Sadomasochism Practitioners: Examining the Role of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide

To date, no study has examined rates of suicide ideation or theory-based risk factors for suicide ideation among bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, and sadomasochism (BDSM) practitioners. Participants were 321 adults that endorsed BDSM involvement. Thirty-seven percent of the sample indicated a nonzero level of suicide ideation. Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness (PB) were positively associated with suicide ideation and their interactive effect predicted additional variance in suicide ideation after adjusting for depressive symptoms. Overall, shame and guilt were positively associated with suicide ideation and these relations were mediated by thwarted belongingness and PB in parallel adjusting for depressive symptoms; however, there were some differences between demographic subgroups. Among BDSM practitioners, stigma-related internalized feelings (i.e., shame and guilt) may be associated with increased thwarted belongingness and PB, which are associated with suicide ideation.

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By: Roush JF1, Brown SL1, Mitchell SM1, Cukrowicz KC1.

• 1Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
• Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2016 Jun 20. doi: 10.1111/sltb.12267 

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Is Bondage and Discipline, Dominance and Submission, and Sadomasochism Recreational Leisure? A Descriptive Exploratory Investigation

INTRODUCTION:

Recent studies have suggested that, in contrast to traditional psychopathologic explanations, bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, and sadomasochism (BDSM) could be understood as recreational leisure. However, the theoretical framing of BDSM as potential leisure has not been empirically explored.

AIM:

To conduct an initial empirical exploration to determine whether BDSM experience fits established characteristics of recreational leisure.

METHODS:

A convenience sample of BDSM participants (N = 935) completed an online survey (9 demographic questions and 17 leisure questions) that assessed BDSM experience according to important attributes of leisure. Responses also were assessed and statistically compared as being primarily casual or serious leisure according to general BDSM identities (ie, dominants vs submissives vs switches).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

BDSM experiences were assessed as a form of potential leisure.

RESULTS:

Most BDSM experiences met leisure criteria. Participants reported that "most of the time or nearly always" BDSM was associated with a sense of personal freedom (89.7% of participants), pleasure or enjoyment (98.5%), sense of adventure (90.7%), use of personal skills (90.8%), relaxation or decreased stress (91.4%), self-expression or exploration (90.6%), and positive emotions (96.6%). BDSM seemed to function as primarily serious, rather than casual, leisure, but important statistical differences were observed based on specific BDSM identities.

CONCLUSION:

A leisure science perspective could be valuable to researchers and clinicians in reinterpreting the wide range of diverse BDSM motivations and practices.

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By: Dj Williams1, Prior EE2, Alvarado T3, Thomas JN4, Christensen MC5.

• 1Center for Positive Sexuality, Burbank, CA, USA; Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA. Electronic address: willdj@isu.edu.
• 2Center for Positive Sexuality, Burbank, CA, USA; College of the Canyons, Santa Clarita, CA, USA.
• 3College of the Canyons, Santa Clarita, CA, USA.
• 4Center for Positive Sexuality, Burbank, CA, USA; Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA.
• 5Center for Positive Sexuality, Burbank, CA, USA; University of Texas-San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA. 
• J Sex Med. 2016 May 24. pii: S1743-6095(16)30191-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.05.001.

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Member Perspectives on the Role of BDSM Communities

Bondage-discipline/Dominance-submission/sadomasochism (BDSM) is an often misunderstood and misrepresented social phenomenon warranting further discourse and study. Community-based research that engages member perspective can assist in understanding socially marginalized experiences. 

The current study examined the role, meaning, and function of BDSM communities from the perspective of self-identified members. Seven nominal group technique workshops were conducted representing a variety of practitioner experiences and identities. Workshops involved 48 participants and resulted in the generation of 133 unique terms describing the role of BDSM communities in their lives. Terms were coded using a five-step procedure involving both academic and community members. 

A total of 15 categories were identified and included domains such as acceptance, sexual expression, friendship, safety, and sharing of educational knowledge. Results underscore the multifaceted nature of the role of such communities. While results consisted of mostly positive features, participants also identified certain negative aspects, such as conflict among members.

Results from the study provide a succinct, member-derived, structured inventory of the role of BDSM communities that can serve to validate and synthesize existing research, improve dissemination of community voice around BDSM, and inform future research. 

We conclude with a discussion of the study's implications for sex education, clinical practice, and community dissemination.

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By: Graham BC1, Butler SE2, McGraw R3, Cannes SM1, Smith J1.

• 1a Department of Psychology , DePaul University.
• 2b Department of Psychology , The Sage Colleges.
• 3c University of Illinois at Chicago.  

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