Women with Minor Menstrual Irregularities Have Increased Risk of Preeclampsia & Low Birth Weight in Spontaneous Pregnancies

Very few studies describe the obstetric and neonatal outcome of spontaneous pregnancies in women with irregular menstrual cycles. However menstrual cycle irregularities are common and may be associated with increased risk, and women who develop pregnancy complications more frequently recollect irregular menstrual cycles before the time of conception in case-control studies.

This retrospective cohort study compares obstetric and neonatal outcomes in spontaneous singleton pregnancies in 3440 primiparous Danish women stratified according to menstrual cycle regularity. All pregnancies had a, delivery after 22 weeks of gestation and a nuchal translucency examination at Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre January 1. 2009 - December 31. 2010. Menstrual cycle irregularity was defined as more than 7 days deviation between self-reported and ultrasound examination based gestational age. Outcome measures were gestational diabetes, hypertension, preeclampsia, preterm premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, prolonged pregnancy, birth weight, umbilical artery pH<7.1, APGAR<7 after 5 minutes, admission to neonatal intensive care unit and stillbirth. Women with more than 7 days deviation between self-reported and ultrasound examination based gestational age were compared to women with 7 days or less deviation.

Irregular menstrual cycle before conception increases the risk of preeclampsia (7.9% vs. 5.2%, p < 0.05) and low birth weight (6.0% vs. 3.6%, p < 0.05) in spontaneous pregnancies, but reduces the risk of prolonged pregnancy (1.4% vs. 4.7%, p < 0.001).

Irregular menstrual cycle before conception is associated with increased risk of adverse obstetric and neonatal outcome. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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By: Bonnesen B1, Oddgeirsdóttir HL1, Naver KV1, Jørgensen FS1, Nilas L1.

1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark

  

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Association Between Maternal HIV Infection & Low Birth Weight & Prematurity: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

To assess the association between maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and low birth weight (LBW)/prematurity (PTD), we conducted a meta-analysis of cohort studies of HIV infected and uninfected women.

Several English and Chinese databases were searched (updated to May 2015) to find the studies reporting infant outcomes associated with exposure to maternal HIV infection during pregnancy. Relevant articles were manually selected based on several inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Fifty-two cohort studies including 15,538 (for LBW) and 200,896 (for PTD) HIV infected women met the inclusion criteria. There was significant heterogeneity among studies for maternal HIV infection associated with LBW/PTD. The meta-analysis demonstrated that the maternal HIV infection was significantly associated with both LBW (pooled odds ratio (OR): 1.73, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.64, 1.82,P < 0.001) and PTD (pooled OR: 1.56, 95 % CI: 1.49, 1.63, P < 0.001). No significant difference in the relationship between maternal HIV infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes was detected among the groups of different study periods. HIV infected women were at slightly higher risk of LBW in developing countries compared with women in developed countries (OR: 2.12 (95 % CI: 1.81, 2.48) vs. 1.75 (95 % CI: 1.44, 2.12)). Antiretroviral drugs usage did not significantly change the associations of maternal HIV exposure with LBW and PTD.

HIV infected women were at higher risk of having a low birth weight infant or a preterm delivery infant compared with uninfected women. Such associations did not change significantly over time or were not significantly affected by the usage of antiretroviral drugs.

Full article at: http://goo.gl/9lcBoZ

By: Peng-Lei Xiao¹²³, Yi-Biao Zhou^123*, Yue Chen⁴, Mei-Xia Yang⁵, Xiu-Xia Song¹²³, Yan Shi¹²³ and Qing-Wu Jiang¹²³

¹Fudan University School of Public Health, Building 8, 130 Dong’an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China

²Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Building 8, 130 Dong’an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China

³Fudan University Center for Tropical Disease Research, Building 8, 130 Dong’an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China

⁴School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa K1H 8 M5, ON, Canada

⁵Xuhui Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 50 Yongchuan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China

  

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