Background
The reported incidence
of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Germany is rising. For example,
the number of new reported cases of syphilis rose from 3034 in 2010 to 4410 in
2012.
Methods
This review is based on
pertinent articles retrieved by a selective search in MEDLINE, and on
guidelines and systematic reviews from Germany and abroad.
Results
We discuss sexually
transmitted infections presenting with genital, anal, perianal, or oral ulcers,
urethritis, cervicitis, urethral or vaginal discharge, or genital warts. We
also discuss sexually transmitted infection with HIV and the hepatitis C virus
(HCV). Acquired sexually transmitted infections elevate the risk of
transmission of other sexually transmitted infections; thus, patients
presenting for the diagnosis or treatment of any kind of sexually transmitted
infection should be evaluated for others as well. For most of these diseases,
treatment of the patient’s sexual partner(s) is indicated. Diagnostic nucleic
acid amplification techniques are over 90% sensitive and specific and are
generally the best way to detect the responsible pathogen. Factors impeding
effective treatment include antibiotic resistance (an increasing problem) and
the late diagnosis of HIV and HCV infections.
Conclusion
Sexually transmitted
infections are common around the world, and any such infection increases the
patient’s risk of contracting other types of sexually transmitted infection.
Molecular genetic diagnostic techniques should be made widely available.
Below: Primary infection and secondary stage of syphilis: ulcus
durum on the upper lip; maculopapular facial rash
Below: Acute herpes simplex virus infection in the area of the mons pubis
By:
1Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology
and Andrology, Medical Faculty of the Justus Liebig University Giessen
2Department of Dermatology, Venerology and
Allergology, St. Josef-Hospital of the Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum
3Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II,
Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen
4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of
the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
5Institute for Medical Microbiology and
Infection Control, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main
*Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Kinderurologie und
Andrologie, Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg GmbH, Standort Giessen,
Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Str. 7, 35385 Giessen,
Germany, Email: moc.loa@renhelnegaW
Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2016 Jan; 113(1-2): 11–22. Published online 2016 Jan 11. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2016.0011
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