Increasing Incidence of Anogenital Warts with an Urban–Rural Divide among Males in Manitoba, Canada, 1990–2011

Background

Anogenital warts (AGW) are caused by the most common sexually transmitted infection, human papillomavirus. The objective of this study was to examine AGW incidence from 1990 to 2011 by sex, age, income quintile, and residential area category (urban/rural). The study period included the initiation of school-based HPV vaccination for girls in the sixth grade, which began in 2008. The data presented in this paper may also be useful for establishing baseline rates of AGW incidence which may be used to evaluate the success of the school-based HPV immunization program.

Methods

Cases of anogenital warts were identified using Manitoba’s administrative databases of Physician Claims and Hospital Discharge Abstracts. Annual age-standardized incidence in Manitoba from 1990 to 2011 was calculated. Incident AGW rates were compared by sex, age group, residential area category (urban/rural), and household income quintile using logistic regression. Joinpoint regression analyses were used to evaluate the time trends of AGW.

Results

Prior to 2000, AGW incidence was higher among females than males. However, from 2000 to 2011 the incidence was higher among males and increased steadily over time. AGW incidence tended to peak in younger age groups among females compared to males. Females and males living in urban areas had nearly twice the odds of AGW occurrence compared to those in rural areas.

Conclusions

There is a need for education about AGW in male population. The upcoming initiation of HPV vaccination among boys may reduce the incidence and should be evaluated.

Below: Age-Standardized Incidence (per 100,000 persons) of AGW in Manitoba, 1990 – 2011

Below:  Sex Stratified Age-Specific 5-year Average AGW Incidence (per 100,000 persons) in Manitoba, 1990 – 2011

Below:  The Trends of Age-Standardized Incidence (per 100,000 persons) of AGW by Sex and Geographic Residential Area in Manitoba, 1990 - 2011

Full article at:   http://goo.gl/keXH9u

By:  Laura H. Thompson, Zoann Nugent, James F. Blanchard, Carla Ens, and Bo Nancy Yu*

Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, Public Health and Primary Health Care Division, Manitoba Health, Healthy Living & Seniors, Winnipeg, R3B 3 M9 Manitoba Canada

Centre for Global Public Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

Bo Nancy Yu, Email: ac.abotinamu@uy.ycnan.

*Corresponding author.

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A Population-Based Study of the Prevalence and Correlates of Self-Harm in Juvenile Detention

BACKGROUND:

Suicide is the number one cause of death among incarcerated youth. We examined the demographic and forensic risk factors for self-harm in youth in juvenile detention using a Canadian provincial correctional database.

METHOD:

We analyzed data from de-identified youth aged 12 to 18 at the time of their offense who were in custody in a Manitoba youth correctional facility between January 1, 2005 and December 30, 2010 (N = 5,102). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses determined the association between staff-identified self-harm events in custody and demographic and custodial variables. Time to the event was examined based on the admission date and date of event.

RESULTS:

Demographic variables associated with self-harm included female sex, lower educational achievement, older age, and child welfare involvement. Custodial variables associated with self-harm included higher criminal severity profiles, younger age at first incarceration, longer sentence length, disruptive institutional behavior, and a history of attempting escape. Youth identified at entry as being at risk for suicide were more likely to self-harm. Events tended to occur earlier in the custodial admission.

INTERPRETATION:

Self-harm events tended to occur within the first 3 months of an admission stay. Youth with more serious offenses and disruptive behaviors were more likely to self-harm. Individuals with problematic custodial profiles were more likely to self-harm. Suicide screening identified youth at risk for self-harm. Strategies to identify and help youth at risk are needed.

Below:  Time to self-harm event after admission during most recent incarceration

Full article at:   http://goo.gl/bc5wD2

By:  Casiano H1, Bolton SL2, Hildahl K1, Katz LY1, Bolton J1, Sareen J3.

• 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
• 2Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
• 3Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. 

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