Places in protecting housing per 100 000 inhabitants from 1990 to 2012, Western Europe

More and via:  http://goo.gl/GHNNH9

How has the extent of institutional mental healthcare changed in Western Europe? Analysis of data since 1990.

Chow WS¹, Priebe S¹.

¹Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry (WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development), Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

BMJ Open. 2016 Apr 29;6(4):e010188. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010188.

Forensic beds per 100 000 inhabitants from 1990 to 2012, Western Europe

More and via:  http://goo.gl/dEX25D

How has the extent of institutional mental healthcare changed in Western Europe? Analysis of data since 1990.

Chow WS¹, Priebe S¹.

¹Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry (WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development), Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

BMJ Open. 2016 Apr 29;6(4):e010188. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010188.

Psychiatric hospital beds per 100 000 inhabitants from 1990 to 2012, Western Europe

More and via:  http://goo.gl/WxTHOz

How has the extent of institutional mental healthcare changed in Western Europe? Analysis of data since 1990.

Chow WS¹, Priebe S¹.

¹Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry (WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development), Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

BMJ Open. 2016 Apr 29;6(4):e010188. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010188.

Western EU prison population per 100 000 inhabitants from 1990 to 2012

More and via:  http://goo.gl/WxTHOz

How has the extent of institutional mental healthcare changed in Western Europe? Analysis of data since 1990.

Chow WS¹, Priebe S¹.

¹Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry (WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development), Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

BMJ Open. 2016 Apr 29;6(4):e010188. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010188.

Mortality in Migrants Living with HIV in Western Europe (1997-2013)

BACKGROUND:

Many migrants face adverse socioeconomic conditions and barriers to health services that can impair timely HIV diagnosis and access to life-saving treatments. We aimed to assess the differences in overall mortality by geographical origin in HIV-positive men and women using data from COHERE, a large European collaboration of HIV cohorts from 1997 to 2013.

METHODS:

In this observational cohort study, we included HIV-positive, antiretroviral-naive people accessing care in western Europe from COHERE. Individuals were eligible if enrolled in a cohort that collected information on geographical origin or ethnic origin from Jan 1, 1997, to March 19, 2013, aged 18-75 years, they had available information about sex, they were not infected perinatally or after the receipt of clotting factor concentrates, and were naive to combination antiretroviral therapy at cohort entry. Migrants' origins were grouped into seven regions: western Europe and similar countries (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the USA); eastern Europe; North Africa and the Middle East; sub-Saharan Africa; Latin America; the Caribbean; and Asia and the rest of Oceania (excluding Australia and New Zealand). Crude and adjusted mortality rate ratios were calculated by use of Poisson regression stratified by sex, comparing each group with the native population. Multiple imputation with chained equations was used to account for missing values.

FINDINGS:

Between Oct 25, 1979, and March 19, 2013, we recruited 279 659 individuals to the COHERE collaboration in EuroCoord. Of these 123 344 men and 45 877 women met the inclusion criteria. Our data suggested effect modification by transmission route (pinteraction=0·12 for men; pinteraction=0·002 for women). No significant difference in mortality was identified by geographical origin in men who have sex with men. In heterosexual populations, most migrant men had mortality lower than or equal to that of native men, whereas no group of migrant women had mortality lower than that in native women. High mortality was identified in heterosexual men from Latin America and heterosexual women from the Caribbean. Compared with that in the native population, mortality in injecting drug users was similar or low for all migrant groups.

INTERPRETATION:

Characteristics of and risks faced by migrant populations with HIV differ for men and women and for populations infected heterosexually, by sex between men, or by injecting drug use. Further research is needed to understand how inequalities are generated and maintained for the groups with higher mortality identified in this study.

Purchase full article at:  http://goo.gl/QltP0B

By:  Migrants Working Group on behalf of COHERE in EuroCoord.

More at:  https://twitter.com/hiv_insight

And:        http://twitter.com/Prison_Health

Phylogeny and Phylogeography of a Recent HIV-1 Subtype F Outbreak among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Spain Deriving from a Cluster with a Wide Geographic Circulation in Western Europe

We recently reported the rapid expansion of an HIV-1 subtype F cluster among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the region of Galicia, Northwest Spain. Here we update this outbreak, analyze near full-length genomes, determine phylogenetic relationships, and estimate its origin. 

For this study, we used sequences of HIV-1 protease-reverse transcriptase and env V3 region, and for 17 samples, near full-length genome sequences were obtained. Phylogenetic analyses were performed via maximum likelihood. Locations and times of most recent common ancestors were estimated using Bayesian inference. Among samples analyzed by us, 100 HIV-1 F1 subsubtype infections of monophyletic origin were diagnosed in Spain, including 88 in Galicia and 12 in four other regions. Most viruses (n = 90) grouped in a subcluster (Galician subcluster), while 7 from Valladolid (Central Spain) grouped in another subcluster. At least 94 individuals were sexually-infected males and at least 71 were MSM. Seventeen near full-length genomes were uniformly of F1 subsubtype. 

Through similarity searches and phylogenetic analyses, we identified 18 viruses from four other Western European countries [Switzerland (n = 8), Belgium (n = 5), France (n = 3), and United Kingdom (n = 2)] and one from Brazil, from samples collected in 2005–2011, which branched within the subtype F cluster, outside of both Spanish subclusters, most of them corresponding to recently infected individuals. The most probable geographic origin and age of the Galician subcluster was Ferrol, Northwest Galicia, around 2007, while the Western European cluster probably emerged in Switzerland around 2002. In conclusion, a recently expanded HIV-1 subtype F cluster, the largest non-subtype B cluster reported in Western Europe, continues to spread among MSM in Spain; this cluster is part of a larger cluster with a wide geographic circulation in diverse Western European 

Below:  Distribution of viruses of the subtype F cluster sequenced by us according to city of sample collection

Below:  Prevalence of infections with viruses of the subtype F cluster in 2009–2012 among all new HIV-1 diagnoses and among new HIV-1 diagnoses in MSM in Galicia and A Coruña city (Northwest Galicia)

Below:  Bootscan analysis of the near full-length genome sequence of X3364.

The analysis was done with Simplot v.3.5.1, using a window of 500 nucleotides, moving in 50 nucleotide increments. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the neighbor-joining algorithm based on Kimura 2-parameter distances, with Tv:Ti ratios estimated from the dataset.

Below:  Bayesian skyline plot of the population growth of the subtype F cluster.

The black line represents the median estimate of the effective number of infections through time (logarithmic scale) and the shaded area represents the 95% HPD credibility interval. The horizontal axis represents calendar years

Full article at:  http://goo.gl/lTucgu

By:   

Elena Delgado, María Teresa Cuevas, Francisco Domínguez, Yolanda Vega, Marina Cabello, Aurora Fernández-García, Vanessa Montero, Mónica Sánchez, Lucía Pérez-Álvarez, Michael M Thomson

HIV Biology and Variability Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain

Marcos Pérez-Losada

Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO-InBIO), Vairão, Portugal

María Ángeles Castro

Department of Internal Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain

Ana Mariño, Hortensia Álvarez

Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Arquitecto Marcide, Ferrol, A Coruña, Spain

Patricia Ordóñez

Department of Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Arquitecto Marcide, Ferrol, A Coruña, Spain

Antonio Ocampo, Celia Miralles

Department of Internal Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain

Sonia Pérez-Castro

Department of Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain

María José López-Álvarez

Infectious Disesases Unit, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain

Raúl Rodríguez

Department of Internal Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain

Matilde Trigo

Department of Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario Provincial de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain

Julio Diz-Arén

Department of Internal Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Provincial de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain

Carmen Hinojosa

Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain

Pablo Bachiller

Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain

Silvia Hernáez-Crespo, Ramón Cisterna

Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, Hospital Universitario de Basurto, Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain

Eugenio Garduño

Department of Microbiology, Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain

 

More at:  https://twitter.com/hiv_insight

And: http://twitter.com/Prison_Health

HIV Infection in Migrant Populations in the European Union and European Economic Area in 2007-2012: An Epidemic on the Move

Migrants are considered a key group at risk for HIV infection. This study describes the epidemiology of HIV and the distribution of late HIV presentation among migrants within the European Union/European Economic Area during 2007-2012.

HIV cases reported to European Surveillance System (TESSy) were analyzed. Migrants were defined as people whose geographical origin was different than the reporting country. Multiple logistic regression was used to model late HIV presentation.

Overall, 156,817 HIV cases were reported, of which 60,446 (38%) were migrants. Of these, 

• 53% were from Sub-Saharan Africa, 
• 12% from Latin America, 
• 9% from Western Europe, 
• 7% from Central Europe, 
• 5% from South and Southeast Asia, 
• 4% from East Europe, 
• 4% from Caribbean, and 
• 3% from North Africa and Middle East. 

Male and female migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America had higher odds of late HIV presentation than native men and women. Migrants accounted for 40% of all HIV notifications in 2007 versus 35% in 2012. HIV cases in women from Sub-Saharan Africa decreased from 3725 in 2007 to 2354 in 2012. The number of HIV cases from Latin America peaked in 2010 to decrease thereafter. HIV diagnoses in migrant men who have sex with men increased from 1927 in 2007 to 2459 in 2012.

Migrants represent two-fifths of the HIV cases reported and had higher late HIV presentation. HIV epidemic in migrant populations in European Union/European Economic Area member states is changing, probably reflecting the global changes in the HIV pandemic, the impact of large-scale ART implementation, and migration fluctuations secondary to the economic crisis in Europe.

Purchase full article at: http://goo.gl/1GDUIx

By: Hernando V1, Alvárez-Del Arco D, Alejos B, Monge S, Amato-Gauci AJ, Noori T, Pharris A, Del Amo J.

• 1*Red de Investigación en Sida, Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; †CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; ‡Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Universidad Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; and §Surveillance and Response Section, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden.  

More at:  https://twitter.com/hiv_insight