This study aimed to determine the combined effects of age
and HIV infection on the risk of incident neurocognitive disorders.
A total of 146 neurocognitively normal participants were
enrolled at baseline into one of four groups based on age (≤40 years and
≥50 years) and HIV serostatus resulting in 24 younger HIV-, 27 younger
HIV+, 39 older HIV-, and 56 older HIV+ individuals. All participants were
administered a standardized clinical neuropsychological battery at baseline and
14.3 ± .2 months later.
A logistic regression predicting incident neurocognitive
disorders from HIV, age group, and their interaction was significant
(χ(2)[4] = 13.56, p = .009), with a significant main effect
of HIV serostatus (χ(2)[1] = 5.01, p = .025), but no main
effect of age or age by HIV interaction (ps > .10). Specifically,
15.7% of the HIV+ individuals had an incident neurocognitive disorder as
compared to 3.2% of the HIV- group (odds ratio = 4.8 [1.2, 32.6]).
Among older HIV+ adults, lower baseline cognitive reserve, prospective memory,
and verbal fluency each predicted incident neurocognitive disorders at
follow-up.
Independent of age, HIV infection confers a nearly fivefold
risk for developing a neurocognitive disorder over approximately one year.
Individuals with lower cognitive reserve and mild weaknesses in higher-order
neurocognitive functions may be targeted for closer clinical monitoring and
preventative measures.
- 1a Department of Psychology , The University of Houston , Houston , TX , USA.
- 2b Department of Psychiatry , The HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.
- 3c Psychology Service , VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego , CA , USA.
- 4d Department of Psychiatry , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.
- 5e Department of Psychology , San Diego State University , San Diego , CA , USA.
- 6f SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology , San Diego , CA , USA.
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