To
compare the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) genital infection among
prepubertal children, sexually active and not sexually active adolescents and
assess potential risk factors for transmission.
95
girls aged 2-21 years; 38 sexually active adolescents (group A), 28 not
sexually active adolescents (group B) and 29 prepubertal children (group C).
Genital
HPV was detected in 38.9% of all participants; 52.6% of group A, 25% of group B
and 34.5% of group C (p=0.06). Multiple HPV infection was detected in 26.3%,
3.5% and 13.8% of groups A, B and C respectively. High risk genotypes
were detected in 47.4%, 25% and 24.1% of groups A, B and C respectively. Main high-risk genotypes were HPV16(27%), HPV31(21%), HPV35(14%),
HPV53(14%) and low-risk HPV6 (27%). Sexual activity was associated with
increased risk for genital high-risk HPV infection (OR:3.41, 95%CI:1.19-9.78);
specifically with HPV33 and HPV53. 40% of sexually active adolescents with
normal cervical cytology were infected with high-risk HPV types. Family history
of skin HPV was positively associated with genital HPV in the sexually active
group (OR:2.01, 95%CI:1.17-3.46).
Timeline
and target population for HPV vaccination may need to be reappraised, in view
of significant nonsexual transmission of genital HPV so early in childhood.
- 1Division of Infectious Diseases, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
- 2Department of Cytopathology, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
- 3Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
- 4Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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