The study aims to describe developmental outcomes from a
longitudinal prospective cohort (Cleveland study) of prenatally cocaine-exposed
(CE) infants.
Two hundred eighteen CE and 197 nonexposed infants were
enrolled at birth and followed through mid-adolescence. Birth CE status was
determined by interview and biologic measures. Multiple demographic, drug, and
environmental correlates were controlled. Standardized, normative, reliable
measures of fetal growth, intelligence quotient (IQ), behavior, executive
function, and language were given at each age and risk for substance misuse
assessed in adolescence. A subset of children received volumetric magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) at 7 years and functional MRI at 14 years. The effect
of CE was determined through multiple regression analyses controlling for
confounders.
Cocaine exposed had significant negative effects on fetal
growth, attention, executive function, language, and behavior, while overall IQ
was not affected. CE had significant negative effects on perceptual reasoning
IQ and visual–motor skills and predicted lower volume of corpus callosum and
decreased gray matter in the occipital and parietal lobes. CE children had
higher risk for substance misuse. Confounding risk factors had additive effects
on developmental outcomes.
Prenatal exposure to cocaine was related to poorer
perceptual organization IQ, visual–spatial information processing, attention,
language, executive function, and behavior regulation through early adolescence.
Full article
at:
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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