Objective
To assess the design,
delivery and outcomes of interventions to improve adherence to treatment for
paediatric tuberculosis in low- and middle-income countries and develop a
contextual framework for such interventions.
Methods
We searched PubMed and
Cochrane databases for reports published between 1 January 2003 and 1 December
2013 on interventions to improve adherence to treatment for tuberculosis that
included patients younger than 20 years who lived in a low- or middle-income
country. For potentially relevant articles that lacked paediatric outcomes, we
contacted the authors of the studies. We assessed heterogeneity and risk of
bias. To evaluate treatment success – i.e. the combination of treatment
completion and cure – we performed random-effects meta-analysis. We identified
areas of need for improved intervention practices.
Findings
We included 15 studies
in 11 countries for the qualitative analysis and of these studies, 11 qualified
for the meta-analysis – representing 1279 children. Of the interventions
described in the 15 studies, two focused on education, one on psychosocial support,
seven on care delivery, four on health systems and one on financial provisions.
The children in intervention arms had higher rates of treatment success,
compared with those in control groups (odds ratio: 3.02; 95% confidence
interval: 2.19–4.15). Using the results of our analyses, we developed a
framework around factors that promoted or threatened treatment completion.
Conclusion
Various interventions to
improve adherence to treatment for paediatric tuberculosis appear both feasible
and effective in low- and middle-income countries.
Below: Contextual framework showing factors that may promote or threaten adherence to treatment for paediatric tuberculosis in low- and middle-income countries
Notes: The central circle, which contains the adherence dimensions used by the World Health Organization, is surrounded by the five main categories of relevant interventions. The factors that may promote treatment adherence are shown in green boxes and factors that may threaten treatment adherence are shown in white boxes. Therapeutic alliance refers torelationship-building between providers and patients.
Full article at: http://goo.gl/Y12TV6
By: Meaghann S Weaver,a Knut Lönnroth,b Scott C Howard,c Debra L Roter,d and Catherine G Lama
aSt Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262
Danny Thomas Place, MS 721, Memphis, TN 38105, United States of America (USA).
bGlobal Tuberculosis Programme, World
Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
cWorld Child Cancer USA, Denver, USA.
dJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public
Health, Baltimore, USA.
Corresponding
author.
Correspondence to Catherine G Lam (email: gro.edujts@mal.enirehtac).
More at: https://twitter.com/hiv_insight
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