Background
Since
2007 the Danish Health and Medicines Authority has advised total alcohol
abstinence from the time of trying to conceive and throughout pregnancy. The
prevalence of binge drinking among pregnant Danish women has nevertheless been
reported to be up to 48 % during early pregnancy. Since the introduction
of the recommendation of total abstinence, no studies have examined
pre-pregnancy lifestyle and reproductive risk factors associated with this
behaviour in a Danish context. The aims of this study were therefore to
describe the prevalence of weekly alcohol consumption and binge drinking in
early pregnancy among women living in the capital of Denmark. Secondly to
identify pre-pregnancy lifestyle and reproductive risk factors associated with
binge drinking during early pregnancy.
Methods
Data
were collected from September 2012 to August 2013 at the Department of
Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. Self-reported information on
each woman’s socio-demographic characteristics, medical history, and lifestyle
factors including alcohol habits was obtained from an electronic questionnaire
filled out as part of the individual medical record. Descriptive analysis was
conducted and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the
potential associated risk factors (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)).
Results
Questionnaires
from 3,238 women were included. A majority of 70 %, reported weekly
alcohol consumption before pregnancy. The prevalence decreased to 3 %
during early pregnancy. The overall proportion of women reporting binge
drinking during early pregnancy was 35 % (n = 1,134). The
following independent risk factors for binge drinking in early pregnancy were
identified: lower degree of planned pregnancy, smoking and alcohol habits
before pregnancy ((1 unit/weekly aOR 4.48, CI: 3.14 - 6.40), (2–7 units aOR
10.23, CI: 7.44-14.06), (≥8 units aOR 33.18, CI: 19.53-56.36)). Multiparity and
the use of assisted reproductive technology were associated with lower odds of
binge drinking in early pregnancy.
Conclusion
The
prevalence of weekly alcohol consumption decreased considerably during early
pregnancy compared with pre-pregnancy levels. Nevertheless one third of the
pregnant women engaged in binge drinking. Identification of risk factors for
this behaviour renders it possible not only to design prevention strategies,
but also to target those most at risk.
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