Objective. To evaluate ego strengths, in the context of
Erikson's framework, among adolescents and young adults diagnosed with opioid
dependence as compared to non-drug using youth.
Methods. Opioid dependent (n =
51) and non-drug using control (n =
31) youth completed the self-administered Psychosocial Inventory of Ego
Strengths (PIES). The PIES assesses development in the framework of Erikson's
ego strength stages. Multivariate linear regression modeling assessed the
independent association of the primary covariate (opioid dependent versus
control) as well as potential confounding variables (e.g., psychiatric
comorbidities, intelligence) with total PIES score.
Results. Mean total PIES score was significantly lower in opioid
dependent youth (231.65 ± 30.39 opioid dependent versus 270.67 ± 30.06 control; p <
0.01). Evaluation of the PIES subscores found significant (p <
0.05) delays in all ego strength areas (hope, will, purpose, competence,
fidelity, love, care, and wisdom). When adjusting for potential confounders,
opioid dependence remained a significant (p <
0.001) independent predictor of total PIES score.
Conclusion. Adolescents with opioid dependence demonstrated significant
delays in ego strength development. A treatment approach acknowledging this
delay may be needed in the counseling and treatment of adolescents with opioid
dependence.
Full article at: http://goo.gl/rQpYfq
By:
1Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
2The Research Institute at Nationwide
Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
3The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
43210, USA
4Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus,
OH 43205, USA
*Andrea E. Bonny: Email: gro.snerdlihcediwnoitan@ynnob.aerdna
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