Background
Quantifying
sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence and incidence is important for
planning interventions and advocating for resources. The World Health
Organization (WHO) periodically estimates global and regional prevalence and
incidence of four curable STIs: chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and
syphilis.
Methods and Findings
WHO’s
2012 estimates were based upon literature reviews of prevalence data from 2005
through 2012 among general populations for genitourinary infection with
chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and trichomoniasis, and nationally reported data on
syphilis seroprevalence among antenatal care attendees. Data were standardized
for laboratory test type, geography, age, and high risk subpopulations, and
combined using a Bayesian meta-analytic approach. Regional incidence estimates
were generated from prevalence estimates by adjusting for average duration of
infection. In 2012, among women aged 15–49 years, the estimated global
prevalence of chlamydia was 4.2% (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 3.7–4.7%),
gonorrhoea 0.8% (0.6–1.0%), trichomoniasis 5.0% (4.0–6.4%), and syphilis 0.5%
(0.4–0.6%); among men, estimated chlamydia prevalence was 2.7% (2.0–3.6%),
gonorrhoea 0.6% (0.4–0.9%), trichomoniasis 0.6% (0.4–0.8%), and syphilis 0.48%
(0.3–0.7%). These figures correspond to an estimated 131 million new cases of
chlamydia (100–166 million), 78 million of gonorrhoea (53–110 million), 143
million of trichomoniasis (98–202 million), and 6 million of syphilis (4–8
million). Prevalence and incidence estimates varied by region and sex.
Conclusions
Estimates of the global prevalence and incidence of
chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, and syphilis in adult women and men
remain high, with nearly one million new infections with curable STI each day.
The estimates highlight the urgent need for the public health community to
ensure that well-recognized effective interventions for STI prevention,
screening, diagnosis, and treatment are made more widely available. Improved
estimation methods are needed to allow use of more varied data and generation
of estimates at the national level.
Below: Estimated prevalence (and 95% UI) of chlamydia, gonorrhoea,
trichomoniasis, and syphilis in women and men aged 15–49 years by WHO region,
based on 2005–2012 data
Below: Incidence (and 95% UI) of chlamydia, gonorrhoea,
trichomoniasis, and syphilis in women and men aged 15–49 years by WHO region,
based on 2005 to 2012 data
Full article at: http://goo.gl/pSlqZk
By:
Lori
Newman, Sami Gottlieb, James Kiarie, Marleen Temmerman
Department
of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva,
Switzerland
Jane
Rowley, Stephen Vander Hoorn, Nalinka Saman Wijesooriya
Consultant
to Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization,
Geneva, Switzerland
Stephen
Vander Hoorn
Statistical
Consulting Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
Magnus
Unemo
WHO
Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and other STIs, Department of Laboratory
Medicine, Örebro University Hospital and Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
Nicola
Low
Institute
of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Gretchen
Stevens
Department
of Health Statistics and Information Systems, World Health Organization,
Geneva, Switzerland
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