Tuesday, December 8, 2015

Global Estimates of the Prevalence and Incidence of Four Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections in 2012 Based on Systematic Review and Global Reporting

Background
Quantifying sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence and incidence is important for planning interventions and advocating for resources. The World Health Organization (WHO) periodically estimates global and regional prevalence and incidence of four curable STIs: chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis.

Methods and Findings
WHO’s 2012 estimates were based upon literature reviews of prevalence data from 2005 through 2012 among general populations for genitourinary infection with chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and trichomoniasis, and nationally reported data on syphilis seroprevalence among antenatal care attendees. Data were standardized for laboratory test type, geography, age, and high risk subpopulations, and combined using a Bayesian meta-analytic approach. Regional incidence estimates were generated from prevalence estimates by adjusting for average duration of infection. In 2012, among women aged 15–49 years, the estimated global prevalence of chlamydia was 4.2% (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 3.7–4.7%), gonorrhoea 0.8% (0.6–1.0%), trichomoniasis 5.0% (4.0–6.4%), and syphilis 0.5% (0.4–0.6%); among men, estimated chlamydia prevalence was 2.7% (2.0–3.6%), gonorrhoea 0.6% (0.4–0.9%), trichomoniasis 0.6% (0.4–0.8%), and syphilis 0.48% (0.3–0.7%). These figures correspond to an estimated 131 million new cases of chlamydia (100–166 million), 78 million of gonorrhoea (53–110 million), 143 million of trichomoniasis (98–202 million), and 6 million of syphilis (4–8 million). Prevalence and incidence estimates varied by region and sex.

Conclusions
Estimates of the global prevalence and incidence of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, and syphilis in adult women and men remain high, with nearly one million new infections with curable STI each day. The estimates highlight the urgent need for the public health community to ensure that well-recognized effective interventions for STI prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment are made more widely available. Improved estimation methods are needed to allow use of more varied data and generation of estimates at the national level.

Below:  Estimated prevalence (and 95% UI) of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, and syphilis in women and men aged 15–49 years by WHO region, based on 2005–2012 data


Below:  Incidence (and 95% UI) of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, and syphilis in women and men aged 15–49 years by WHO region, based on 2005 to 2012 data



Full article at:  http://goo.gl/pSlqZk

By:   
Lori Newman, Sami Gottlieb, James Kiarie, Marleen Temmerman
Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

Jane Rowley, Stephen Vander Hoorn, Nalinka Saman Wijesooriya
Consultant to Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

Stephen Vander Hoorn
Statistical Consulting Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

Magnus Unemo
WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and other STIs, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Örebro University Hospital and Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden

Nicola Low
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

Gretchen Stevens
Department of Health Statistics and Information Systems, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland




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