Children living in poverty are more likely to have mental
health problems, and their conditions are more likely to be severe. Of the
approximately 1.3 million children who were recipients of Supplemental Security
Income (SSI) disability benefits in 2013, about 50% were disabled primarily due
to a mental disorder. An increase in the number of children who are recipients
of SSI benefits due to mental disorders has been observed through several
decades of the program beginning in 1985 and continuing through 2010.
Nevertheless, less than 1% of children in the United States are recipients of
SSI disability benefits for a mental disorder.
At the request of the Social Security
Administration, Mental
Disorders and Disability Among Low-Income Children compares national trends in the number of
children with mental disorders with the trends in the number of children
receiving benefits from the SSI program, and describes the possible factors
that may contribute to any differences between the two groups.
This report
provides an overview of the current status of the diagnosis and treatment of
mental disorders, and the levels of impairment in the U.S. population under age
18. The report focuses on 6 mental disorders, chosen due to their prevalence
and the severity of disability attributed to those disorders within the SSI
disability program: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional
defiant disorder/conduct disorder, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual
disability, learning disabilities, and mood disorders.
While this report is not
a comprehensive discussion of these disorders, Mental Disorders and Disability Among
Low-Income Children provides
the best currently available information regarding demographics, diagnosis,
treatment, and expectations for the disorder time course - both the natural
course and under treatment.
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