Sleep and Substance Use among US Adolescents, 1991-2014
OBJECTIVES:
To
examine associations between sleep and alcohol, amphetamine, cigarette,
marijuana, and non-heroin narcotic use among US middle and high school
students, trends in associations over time, and the comparative impact of
select covariates on association strength.
METHODS:
Data from
the 1991-2014 nationally representative Monitoring the Future study of 8(th)-,
10(th)-, and 12(th)-grade US students were used to estimate standardized
correlations between the frequency of getting at least 7 hours of sleep (7+
sleep) and substance use frequency while simultaneously regressing both
outcomes on key covariate domains.
RESULTS:
As 7+
sleep frequency increased, substance use frequency significantly decreased and
vice versa. Overall, association strength was inversely associated with grade.
Associations were generally modest, varied across substances, and weakened over
the historical period examined for 8(th)- and 10(th)- graders. Associations
showed little variance by sex and racial/ethnic subgroups. Controlling for
deviance, psychosocial and general health covariates significantly attenuated
association strength.
CONCLUSIONS:
Among
US secondary students, 7+ sleep/substance use associations were largely
explained by individual deviance, psychosocial, and general health
characteristics. Awareness and exploitation of these shared associations may be
useful in improving substance use prevention and/or treatment efforts.
- 1Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. yterry@umich.edu.
- 2Department of Kinesiology and Health Education and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- 3Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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