Individuals with autism
spectrum disorder (ASD) experience higher rates of psychopathology than their
typically developing peers or peers with other intellectual or developmental
disabilities. Little is known about the developmental course of psychiatric
symptoms such as internalizing and externalizing behaviors in this population.
Individual characteristics and aspects of the family environment may explain
variability in outcomes for adults with ASD. The present study extends our
current understanding of psychopathology among individuals with ASD by
examining group-based trajectories of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in
adulthood. Overall, the results showed that symptoms became less severe over
time. Distinct patterns of change in psychopathology were observed and
associated with differential profiles of psychotropic medication use, comorbid
mental health diagnoses, and residential placement. The likelihood of following
each developmental trajectory was estimated based on characteristics of the
adults with ASD (gender, adaptive behavior, and autistic symptoms) and maternal
expressed emotion (criticism and warmth).
Maternal criticism and warmth were
identified as key risk and protective factors, respectively, with important
implications for future research and intervention for individuals with ASD.
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By:
- 1University of Massachusetts-Amherst.
- 2University of Wisconsin-Madison.
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