The HIV/AIDS data from the
national surveillance systems of China and the United States from 1985 to 2014
were compared to characterize the HIV/AIDS epidemic in both countries.
The
current estimated national HIV prevalence rate in China and the United States
are 0.0598% and 0.348%, respectively. In the United States, the annual number
of new HIV infections has remained relatively stable (~50,000 each year) and
has shown a downward trend in recent years. The Chinese national HIV prevalence
is still low, and new HIV infections have been contained at a low level
(50,000-100,000 each year). However, the epidemic has showed an increasing
trend since 2012.
By risk group, in both countries, men who have sex with men
(MSM), heterosexual sex, and injection drug use (IDU) are the most common modes
of transmission of new HIV infections. However, in the United States, MSM is
the dominant transmission route, accounting for >60% of new infections;
whereas in China, heterosexual sex has now become the dominant route, also accounting
for >60% of new infections. A rapid increase in the proportion of HIV cases
that were attributed to MSM and an obvious decrease in the proportion of HIV
cases attributed to IDU in China in recent years imply that the China's
epidemic is still evolving, to some extent, copying what was experienced in the
United States.
By age group, the proportions of HIV cases that were attributed
to the age group 25-59 were comparable between the two countries. However, the
United States had a higher proportion of cases that were attributed to age
groups 15-19 and 20-24 than China, indicating that youth account for more
infections in the United States.
One other fact worth noting: in China there is
a significant increase in the number of HIV new infections in individuals over
50 years of age, which results in much higher proportion of cases that were
attributed to age groups 60-64 and over 65 in China than those in the United
States.
By race/ethnicity, in the United States, Blacks/African Americans
continue to experience the most severe HIV burden, followed by
Hispanics/Latinos. In China, no official data on race/ethnicity disparities are
currently available. Thus, region, risk group, age are important factors in the
HIV epidemics in both countries.
Below: Rates of persons aged 18–64 years living with a diagnosis of HIV infection, year-end 2008—United States
Below: Geographic distribution of the reported 500,679 PLHIV in China
Below: Comparison of distribution of HIV cases by age, 2011, United States and China
Below: AIDS in the United States, Race/Ethnicity of Persons Diagnosed with AIDS in 2010 in the 50 States and District of Columbia, by Region
By:
1Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and
Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA.
mhuang@msm.edu.
2Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and
Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning,
Guangxi 530021, China. yeligx@163.com.
3Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and
Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning,
Guangxi 530021, China. liangbingyu@163.com.
4Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and
Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning,
Guangxi 530021, China. ningchuanyi@126.com.
5Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and
Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA.
wroth@msm.edu.
6Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and
Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning,
Guangxi 530021, China. johnjeang@foxmail.com.
7Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and
Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning,
Guangxi 530021, China. katooo@163.com.
8Guangxi Medical Research Center, Guangxi Medical
University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China. gxzhoubo520@126.com.
9Guangxi Medical Research Center, Guangxi Medical
University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China. zangninggxnn@163.com.
10Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and
Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA.
mpowell@msm.edu.
11Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment,
School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021,
China. haolphd@163.com.
12Guangxi Medical Research Center, Guangxi Medical
University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China. haolphd@163.com.
13Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and
Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA.
vbond@msm.edu.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 Dec 22;13(1). pii: E30. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13010030.
More at: https://twitter.com/hiv
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