BACKGROUND:
Individuals
with a history of suicide attempt have a high risk for subsequent labour market
marginalization. This study aimed at assessing the effect of individual and
parental factors on different measures of marginalization.
METHODS:
Prospective
cohort study based on register linkage of 5 649 individuals who in 1994 were
16-30 years old, lived in Sweden and were treated in inpatient care for suicide
attempt during 1992-1994. Hazard ratios (HRs) for labour market marginalization
defined as long-term unemployment (>180 days), sickness absence (>90
days), or disability pension in 1995-2010 were calculated with Cox regression.
RESULTS:
Medical
risk factors, particularly any earlier diagnosed specific mental disorders
(e.g., schizophrenia: HR 5.4 (95% CI: 4.2, 7.0), personality disorders: HR 3.9,
95% CI: 3.1, 4.9), repetitive suicide attempts (HR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.4, 1.9) were
associated with a higher relative risk of disability pension. Individual
medical factors were of smaller importance for long-term sickness absence, and
of only marginal relevance to long-term unemployment. Country of birth outside
Europe had an opposite effect on disability pension (HR 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4, 0.8)
and long-term unemployment (HR 1.5, 95% CI: 1.3, 1.8). Female sex was
positively correlated with long-term sickness absence (HR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.4,
1.7), and negatively associated with long-term unemployment (HR: 0.8, 95% CI:
0.7, 0.9).
CONCLUSIONS:
As
compared to disability pension, long-term sickness absence and unemployment was
more strongly related to socio-economic variables. Marginalization pathways
seemed to vary with migration status and sex. These findings may contribute to
the development of intervention strategies which take the individual risk for
marginalization into account.
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- 1Medical University Vienna, Center for Public Health, Institute of Social Medicine, Suicide Research Unit, Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
- 2Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, 17 177 Stockholm, Sweden.
- 3The Swedish Red Cross University College, Stockholm, Sweden.
- 4University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, United States of America.
- 5Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America.
- 6Columbia University, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, United States of America.
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