Friday, January 29, 2016

Methamphetamine Use among Gay & Bisexual Men in Australia: Trends in Recent & Regular Use from the Gay Community Periodic Surveys

Highlights
  • This paper examined trends in methamphetamine use among gay and bisexual men in Australia using ongoing behavioural surveillance data.
  • Recent Crystal methamphetamine use increased during 2010-14, after several years of decline, while regular use remained stable
  • Among men who reported crystal methamphetamine use, injecting drug use was reported among half of HIV-positive men compared to one-fifth of HIV-negative and unknown HIV status men.
  • Qualitative research is needed to guide the development of culturally appropriate harm reduction responses.
Background
Gay and bisexual men typically report high rates of illicit drug use, including methamphetamine use. This paper aimed to analyse trends in crystal methamphetamine (‘crystal’) and powder methamphetamine (‘speed’) use among gay and bisexual men in Australia, and characterise the sociodemographic, drug use, and sexual risk practices of men who reported crystal use.

Methods
The Gay Community Periodic Surveys, routinely conducted behavioural surveillance surveys of gay men in Australia, were analysed to examine trends in recent crystal and speed use during 2005-14 (any use in the previous six months), and trends in regular crystal and speed use during 2007-14 (at least monthly use in the previous six months). Covariates of recent and regular crystal use were analysed using 2014 data.

Results
Speed use declined from 25.0% to 10.2% during 2005-14 (p-trend < .001), while regular speed use declined from 7.0% to 2.3% during 2007-14 (p-trend < .001). Any crystal use declined from 15.6% to 11.4% during 2005-14 (p-trend < .001) and increased during 2010-14 (from 9.6% in 2010; p-trend < .001). Regular crystal use declined from 6.1% to 4.0% during 2007-14 (p-trend < .001) and remained stable during 2010-14 (3.9% in 2010; p-trend = .64). Participants who reported regular crystal use were more likely than men who used crystal less frequently to have used gamma-hydroxybutyrate, used party drugs for sex, and to have injected drugs in the previous six months. High rates of crystal use and injecting were reported among HIV-positive participants.

Conclusions
Rates of both crystal and speed use, despite fluctuations, were consistently high throughout the study period. The high rates of crystal use and associations with potentially risky sexual practices indicate that gay and bisexual men should be a particular focus for targeted harm reduction and combined harm reduction and sexual health services.

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Affiliations
Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Correspondence
Corresponding author at: Centre for Social Research in Health, John Goodsell Building, UNSW Australia, Sydney NSW, 2052, Australia. Tel.: +61 2 9385 6412; fax: +61 2 9385 6455.





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