Risk factors for the
development of cannabis use disorders (CUDs) have been well–researched.
Comparatively little is known, however, about factors associated with the
persistence of CUDs over time.
This research explored whether the temporal sequencing of comorbid psychiatric disorders in relation to the onset of the index CUD episode were associated with the length of this episode.
Four comprehensive diagnostic assessments were conducted between ages 16 and 30 with a large and regionally representative community sample (n = 816), among which 173 persons were diagnosed with a lifetime CUD. In separate unadjusted analyses, any internalizing disorder and any mood disorder with onset prior to that of the index CUD episode were each significantly and negatively associated with CUD duration. These effects, however, were reduced to trend-level in adjusted analyses that controlled for putative confounders. Following the onset of the index CUD episode, the subsequent occurrence of any axis I disorder, internalizing disorder, externalizing disorder, or other substance use disorder during the index CUD episode was significantly and positively associated with the duration of that episode in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses.
These findings collectively suggest that the presence of internalizing-spectrum disorders prior to the onset of the index CUD episode affords some modest protection against protracted episodes, whereas the emergence of broad-spectrum psychopathology within the index CUD episode, most notably non-cannabis substance use disorders, is associated with greater disorder persistence.
The relevance of these findings for various motivational models of cannabis addiction is discussed.
This research explored whether the temporal sequencing of comorbid psychiatric disorders in relation to the onset of the index CUD episode were associated with the length of this episode.
Four comprehensive diagnostic assessments were conducted between ages 16 and 30 with a large and regionally representative community sample (n = 816), among which 173 persons were diagnosed with a lifetime CUD. In separate unadjusted analyses, any internalizing disorder and any mood disorder with onset prior to that of the index CUD episode were each significantly and negatively associated with CUD duration. These effects, however, were reduced to trend-level in adjusted analyses that controlled for putative confounders. Following the onset of the index CUD episode, the subsequent occurrence of any axis I disorder, internalizing disorder, externalizing disorder, or other substance use disorder during the index CUD episode was significantly and positively associated with the duration of that episode in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses.
These findings collectively suggest that the presence of internalizing-spectrum disorders prior to the onset of the index CUD episode affords some modest protection against protracted episodes, whereas the emergence of broad-spectrum psychopathology within the index CUD episode, most notably non-cannabis substance use disorders, is associated with greater disorder persistence.
The relevance of these findings for various motivational models of cannabis addiction is discussed.
Descriptive Statistics for Demographic Variables and Bivariate Associations with the Duration of Index Cannabis Use Disorder Episode (n = 173)
| Predictor | % (SE) or M (SD) | Coef (SE) | p | r2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participant Characteristics, % (SE) | ||||
| Male | 52 (4) | 26.1 (6.7) | .001 | .082 |
| Non-white | 9 (2) | 1.7 (12.0) | .890 | <.001 |
| Pubertal timing | ||||
| Early vs. on-time | 25 (4) | −6.2 (7.9) | .428 | .004 |
| Late vs. on-time | 18 (3) | 16.4 (10.7) | .127 | .017 |
| Early vs. late | 60 (6) | −22.7 (12.8) | .082 | .050 |
| History of repeating grade before age 12 | 14 (3) | 4.0 (10.0) | .694 | .001 |
| Family Demographic Variables | ||||
| Dual versus single parent household, % (SE) | 44 (4) | −4.5 (7.0) | .523 | .002 |
| At least one parent completed college, % (SE) | 41 (4) | −4.6 (7.1) | .516 | .003 |
| Mean parent age at T1, M (SD) | 41.5 (5.6) | −1.1 (0.3) | .081 | .018 |
| Number of older siblings, M (SD) | 0.9 (1.1) | −2.8 (3.1) | .359 | .005 |
Notes. SE = standard error; M = mean; SD = standard deviation; Coef = regression coefficient estimate.
Full article at: http://goo.gl/pcfeg4
By:
Richard F. Farmer,
Correspondence concerning this report should be directed to
Richard Farmer, Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Drive, Eugene, Oregon,
97403, United States of America. Email: gro.iro@remrafr
Richard F. Farmer, Derek B. Kosty, John R. Seeley, Jeff M.
Gau, Susan C. Duncan, and Peter M. Lewinsohn, Oregon Research Institute; Denise
D. Walker, School of Social Work, University of Washington.
More at: https://twitter.com/hiv insight
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