Monday, February 8, 2016

Conditional Cash Transfers & Uptake Of & Retention in Prevention of Mother-To-Child HIV Transmission Care

BACKGROUND:
Novel strategies are needed to increase retention in and uptake of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) services in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to determine whether small, increasing cash payments, which were conditional on attendance at scheduled clinic visits and receipt of proposed services can increase the proportions of HIV-infected pregnant women who accept available PMTCT services and remain in care.

METHODS:
In this randomised controlled trial, we recruited newly diagnosed HIV-infected women, who were 32 or less weeks pregnant, from 89 antenatal care clinics in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, and randomly assigned (1:1) them to either the intervention group or the control group using computer-based randomisation with varying block sizes of four, six, and eight. The intervention group received compensation on the condition that they attended scheduled clinic visits and accepted offered PMTCT services (US$5, plus US$1 increment at every subsequent visit), whereas the control group received usual care. Outcomes assessed included retention in care at 6 weeks' post partum and uptake of PMTCT services, measured by attendance of all scheduled clinic visits and acceptance of proposed services up to 6 weeks' post partum. Analyses were by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.org, number NCT01838005.

FINDINGS:
Between April 18, 2013, and Aug 30, 2014, 612 potential participants were identified, 545 were screened, and 433 were enrolled and randomly assigned; 217 to the control group and 216 to the intervention group. At 6 weeks' post partum, 174 participants in the intervention group (81%) and 157 in the control group (72%) were retained in care (risk ratio [RR] 1·11; 95% CI 1·00-1·24). 146 participants in the intervention group (68%) and 116 in the control group (54%) attended all clinic visits and accepted proposed services (RR 1·26; 95% CI 1·08-1·48). Results were similar after adjustment for marital status, age, and education.

INTERPRETATION:
Among women with newly diagnosed HIV, small, incremental cash incentives resulted in increased retention along the PMTCT cascade and uptake of available services. The cost-effectiveness of these incentives and their effect on HIV-free survival warrant further investigation.

Purchase full article at:   http://goo.gl/v1xZ3I

  • 1The Ohio State University, College of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Columbus, OH, USA; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Epidemiology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: yotebieng.2@osu.edu.
  • 2The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Health Policy and Management, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • 3The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Health Behavior, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • 4The University of Kinshasa, School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
  • 5The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Epidemiology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • 6The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Epidemiology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Social Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. 
  •  2016 Feb;3(2):e85-93. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(15)00247-7.



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