Despite the tremendous
efforts to develop a successful human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine, the
quest for a safe and effective HIV vaccine seems to be remarkably long and
winding. Disappointing results from previous clinical trials of VaxGen's AIDSVAXgp120
vaccine and MRKAd5 HIV-1 Gag/Pol/Nef vaccine emphasize that understanding the
correlates of immune protection in HIV infection is the key to solve the
puzzle. The modest vaccine efficacy from RV144 trial and the successive results
obtained from the correlate of risk analysis have reinvigorated the HIV vaccine
research field leading to various novel strategies. This paper will review the
brief history and recent advances in HIV vaccine development.
…To date, RV144 trial is the
only trial of a vaccine against HIV-1 to show any degree of efficiency. The
modest vaccine efficacy from RV144 trial and the successive results obtained
from the correlate of risk analysis have reinvigorated the HIV vaccine research
field leading to various novel strategies. Although the quest to develop a
successful HIV vaccine is long and winding, our understanding of viral
immunology and immune correlate of protection has progressed remarkably during
the journey. We now are starting to have a glimpse of correlate of protection
in HIV infection, better understanding of the immune pathway leading to
effective antibodies and newer form of vaccine immunogens. The ultimate goal of
the quest to develop the successful HIV vaccine is not yet accomplished but it
is evident that we are entering the modern era of HIV vaccinology.
Below: Schematic drawing of human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 Env trimer with sites of epitopes for broadly
neutralizing antibodies. Adapted and modified from Haynes et al. (2012), Nat
Biotechnol 2012;30:423-33 [30]. The currently known four general specificity for broadly
neutralizing antibodies detected are the CD4 binding site, the V1/V2 variable
loops, certain exposed glycans and the membrane proximal external region
(MPER). Structures expressed as follows: blue, gp120 core; dark blue, V1/V2
loops; magenta, V3 loop; green, gp41; red, MPER of gp41; light gray, viral
membrane bilayer.
Full article at: http://goo.gl/6S1alY
By: 
Corresponding
author.
Corresponding author: So Youn Shin, MD, PhD. Department of
Infectious Diseases, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong
University College of Medicine, 25 Simgok-ro 100beon-gil, Seo-gu, Incheon
22711, Korea. Tel: +82-32-290-3975, Fax: +82-32-290-4240, Email:moc.liamtoh@soreeehcysp
Clin Exp Vaccine Res. 2016 Jan; 5(1): 6–11. Published online 2016 Jan 27. doi: 10.7774/cevr.2016.5.1.6
More at: https://twitter.com/hiv insight
No comments:
Post a Comment