Background
Contextual factors, such
as exposure to stressors, may be antecedents to IPV perpetration. These
contextual factors may be amenable to modification through intervention and prevention.
However, few studies have examined specific contextual factors. To begin to
address this gap, we examined the associations between financial stressors and
three types of physical IPV perpetration.
Methods
This analysis used data
from Wave IV of The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health.
We used logistic regression to examine the associations of financial stressors
and each type of IPV (minor, severe, causing injury), and multinomial logit
regression to examine the associations of financial stressors and patterns of
co-occurring types of IPV perpetration (only minor; only severe; minor and severe; minor,
severe, and causing injury; compared with no perpetration).
Results
Fewer men perpetrated
threats/minor physical IPV (6.7 %) or severe physical IPV (3.4 %)
compared with women (11.4 % and 8.8 %, respectively). However, among
physical IPV perpetrators, a higher percentage of men (32.0 %) than women
(21.0 %) reported their partner was injured as a result of the IPV. In
logistic regression models of each type of IPV perpetration, both the number of
stressors experienced and several types of financial stressors were associated
with perpetrating each type of IPV. Utilities nonpayment, housing nonpayment,
food insecurity, and no phone service were associated with increased odds of
perpetrating each form of IPV in adjusted analysis. Eviction was associated
with perpetrating severe physical IPV but not threats/minor IPV or IPV causing
injury. In multinomial logit regression comparing patterns of IPV perpetration
to perpetrating no physical IPV, the relationships of financial stressors were
less consistent. Food insecurity was associated with perpetrating only minor
physical IPV. Comparatively, overall number of financial stressors and four
types of financial stressors (utilities nonpayment, housing nonpayment, food
insecurity, and disconnected phone service) were associated with perpetrating
all three forms of physical IPV.
Conclusions
Combined with prior
research, our results suggested interventions to improve financial well-being
may be a novel way to reduce physical IPV perpetration.
Estimated proportion and 95 % confidence estimates of exposure to financial stressors and perpetration of three forms of physical IPV
| Men | Women | Difference | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Percent (95 % CI) | P-valuea | ||
| Financial stressors | |||
| Number of financial stressors | <.0001 | ||
| None | 77.2 (75.4–79.1) | 72.3 (70.2–74.5) | |
| 1–2 | 16.3 (14.2–18.4) | 18.8 (16.8–20.8) | |
| 3–4 | 5.2 (4.1–6.2) | 7.3 (6.0–8.6) | |
| 5–6 | 1.4 (0.9–1.8) | 1.5 (1.0–2.0) | |
| Utilities nonpayment | |||
| Yes | 12.7 (11.5–14.0) | 17.6 (15.7–19.4) | <.0001 |
| No | 87.3 (86.0–88.5) | 82.4 (80.6–84.3) | |
| Housing nonpayment | |||
| Yes | 9.4 (8.4–10.4) | 10.2 (9.0–11.3) | .26 |
| No | 90.6 (89.6–91.6) | 89.8 (88.7–91.0) | |
| Food insecurity | |||
| Yes | 9.9 (8.7–11.1) | 14.0 (12.6–15.3) | <.0001 |
| No | 90.1 (88.9–91.3) | 86.0 (84.7–87.4) | |
| No phone service | |||
| Yes | 7.8 (6.8–8.8) | 10.4 (9.3–11.5) | <.0001 |
| No | 92.2 (91.2–93.2) | 89.6 (88.5–90.7) | |
| Utilities turned off | |||
| Yes | 5.4 (4.6–6.3) | 5.4 (4.6–6.1) | .82 |
| No | 94.6 (93.7–95.4) | 94.7 (93.9–95.4) | |
| Evicted | |||
| Yes | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | .93 |
| No | 99.0 (95.6–99.3) | 98.9 (98.6–99.3) | |
| Intimate partner violence perpetration | |||
| Threats/Minor physical | |||
| Yes | 6.7 (5.7–7.5) | 11.4 (10.1–12.7) | <.0001 |
| No | 93.4 (92.5–94.3) | 88.6 (87.3–89.9) | |
| Severe physical | |||
| Yes | 3.4 (2.9–4.0) | 8.8 (7.8–9.9) | <.0001 |
| No | 96.6 (96.0–97.2) | 91.2 (90.1–92.2) | |
| If Yes to physical, caused injury | |||
| Yes | 32.0 (25.6–38.5) | 21.0 (17.7–24.4) | .003 |
| No | 68.0 (61.5–74.4) | 79.0 (75.6–82.3) | |
aChi-square test
Full article at: http://goo.gl/HVAfAe
Department of
Community & Behavioral Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health,
Iowa City, IA 52240 USA
Department of
Occupational & Environmental Health, University of Iowa College of Public
Health, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA
Kempe Center for
the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect, University of
Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13123 E 16th Ave, B390, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
More at: https://twitter.com/hiv insight
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