Violence, particularly
firearm violence, leading to suicide and homicide is a significant problem
worldwide. A majority of suicidal and homicidal violence involves males;
homicidal violence is prevalent among young men and suicide is the leading
cause of violence worldwide.
Lithium, in pharmacological doses, has been used
successfully for decades in treating bipolar disorders, and has been shown to
decrease violent crime in this situation. Interestingly, lithium, in trace
amounts, as occurs in some drinking water, has been inversely related to
aggression, and suicidal and homicidal violence. Lithium is naturally found in
vegetables, grains and drinking water, and dietary intake varies from nearly
zero to 3mg daily. Elemental lithium, in trace doses, has been shown to improve
mood in weeks. Moreover, lithium, in trace amounts, has no toxicity.
In order
to ensure adequate dietary intakes of elemental lithium daily for the purpose
of decreasing aggression and violence, we propose considering the fortification
of cereal grain products with lithium and also the addition of lithium to
vitamin preparations for adults. Importantly, randomized trials in various
populations are needed to test this hypothesis.
Purchase full article at: http://goo.gl/fh8n24
By: Goldstein MR1, Mascitelli L2.
1NCH Physician Group, 1845 Veterans Park Drive, Suite
110, Naples, FL 34109, USA. Electronic address: markrgoldstein@comcast.net.
2Comando Brigata Alpina "Julia"/Multinational
Land Force, Medical Service, 8 Via S. Agostino, Udine 33100, Italy. Electronic
address: lumasci@libero.it.
Med Hypotheses. 2016
Apr;89:40-2. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.02.002. Epub 2016 Feb 10.
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