Thursday, March 3, 2016

Risk of Late Relapse or Reinfection with Hepatitis C Virus After Achieving a Sustained Virological Response: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background. 
Treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) can lead to sustained virological response (SVR) in over 90% of people. Subsequent recurrence of HCV, either from late relapse or reinfection, reverses the beneficial effects of SVR.

Methods. 
A search identified studies analysing HCV recurrence post-SVR. The recurrence rate for each study was calculated using events/person years of follow-up (PYFU). Results were pooled using a random-effects model and used to calculate 5-year recurrence risk. Three patient groups were analysed: (1) Mono-HCV infected “low-risk” patients; (2) Mono-HCV infected “high-risk” patients (injecting drug users or prisoners); (3) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV coinfected patients. Recurrence was defined as confirmed HCV RNA detectability post-SVR.

Results. 
In the 43 studies of HCV mono-infected “low-risk” patients (n = 7969) the pooled recurrence rate was 1.85/1000 PYFU (95% confidence interval [CI], .71–3.35; I2 = 73%) leading to a summary 5-year recurrence risk of 0.95% (95% CI, .35%–1.69%). For the 14 studies of HCV monoinfected “high-risk” patients (n = 771) the pooled recurrence rate was 22.32/1000 PYFU (95% CI, 13.07–33.46; I2 = 27%) leading to a summary 5-year risk of 10.67% (95% CI, 6.38%–15.66%). For the 4 studies of HIV/HCV coinfected patients the pooled recurrence rate was 32.02/1000 PYFU (95% CI, .00–123.49; I2 = 96%) leading to a summary 5-year risk of 15.02% (95% CI, .00%–48.26%). The higher pooled estimates of recurrence in the high-risk and coinfected cohorts were driven by an increase in reinfection rather than late relapse.

Conclusions. 
SVR appears durable in the majority of patients at 5 years post-treatment. The large difference in 5 year event rate by risk group is driven mainly by an increased reinfection risk.

Below:  Summary 5-year risk (95% confidence interval) of recurrence post-sustained virological response (SVR), by risk group. Presented are the pooled estimates for the 5-year risk of recurrence after achieving an SVR. Also shown are the number of studies that were included to derive each estimate. Abbreviations: HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.



Full article at:   http://goo.gl/7iLF2K

1Division of Medicine, Imperial College London
2Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Liverpool University
3Research Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
Correspondence: B. Simmons, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK (ku.ca.lairepmi.inmula@31snommis.ynoyrb).




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