"Teached: The Path to Prison" - Exposing Education Gap for Black and Latino Youths

Via:  http://goo.gl/Jlcs7v

Discrimination and Hate Crimes in the Context of Neighborhood Poverty and Stressors among HIV-Positive African-American Men Who Have Sex with Men

In a sample of HIV-positive African-American men who have sex with men (MSM), we examined neighborhood factors that may contextualize perceived discrimination from three intersecting stigmatized characteristics: race, HIV status, and sexual orientation. HIV-positive African-American MSM (N = 162, mean age = 44, SD = 8) provided information on neighborhood-related stressors and discrimination experiences related to being Black, HIV-positive, or perceived as gay. 

Residential ZIP codes and US Census data were used to determine neighborhood poverty rates. Regressions, controlling for socio-demographics, indicated that (1) higher neighborhood poverty was significantly related to more frequent experiences with hate crimes (Gay-related: b = 1.15, SE = .43, p < .008); and (2) higher neighborhood-related stressors were significantly related to more frequent discrimination and hate crimes. 

For HIV-positive African-American MSM, higher neighborhood poverty and related stressors are associated with experiencing more discrimination and hate crimes. Interventions for this group should promote individual- and neighborhood-level socioeconomic empowerment and stigma reduction.

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By:   Dale SK1,2, Bogart LM3, Galvan FH4, Wagner GJ3, Pantalone DW5,6, Klein DJ7.

• 1Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. skdale@mgh.harvard.edu.
• 2Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. skdale@mgh.harvard.edu.
• 3Health Unit, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
• 4Bienestar Human Services, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA.
• 5University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA.
• 6The Fenway Institute of Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA.
• 7RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA. 

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Pathways to HIV-Related Behavior among Heterosexual, Rural Black Men: A Person-Centered Analysis

We investigated the psychosocial mechanisms linking personal and contextual risk factors to HIV-related behavior among 498 rural Black men. We characterized HIV-related behavior in terms of profile groups and hypothesized that contextual and personal risk factors (childhood adversity, community disadvantage, incarceration, and racial discrimination) would predict HIV-related behavior indirectly via two psychosocial mechanisms: impulsivity and negative relational schemas. 

Study results documented three HIV-related behavior profile groups. 

• The Safer group reported low levels of risky behavior. 
• The Risk-Taking group reported inconsistent condom use and elevated substance use. 
• The Multiple Partners group reported the highest numbers of partners and relatively consistent condom use. 

Risk factors predicted profile groups directly and indirectly through psychosocial mechanisms. Impulsivity mediated the association between community disadvantage and membership in the risk-taking group. Negative relational schemas mediated the associations of childhood experiences and community disadvantage with membership in the multiple partners group. 

Specificity in pathways suggests the need for targeted interventions based on multidimensional characterizations of risk behavior.

Purchase full article at:   http://goo.gl/mEa3c0

  

By:   Steven M. Kogan,, Junhan Cho, Stacey Barnum, Allen Barton, Megan R. Hicks, Geoffrey L. Brown

Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia 

  

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Sexually Explicit Racialised Media Targeting Men Who Have Sex with Men Online: A Content Analysis of High-Risk Behaviour Depicted in Online Advertisements

Sexually explicit media may perpetuate racial and sexual norms among men who have sex with men. While men may be exposed to sexually explicit media in the online settings where they seek sex with other men, no studies to our knowledge have explored the relationship between the racial and sexual content of advertisements appearing in these spaces. In 2011, 217 sexually explicit advertisements on a male sex-seeking website were coded for themes, actor characteristics, and sexual acts depicted using a detailed codebook. 

Multivariable logistic regression models examined the association between skin colour, theme, sexual acts, and condomless sex acts. Nearly half (45%) featured a ‘thug’ theme (style emphasising Black masculinity/hip-hop culture), 21% featured a college theme, and 44% featured condomless sex. Ads featuring only Black men, ads featuring Black men with men of other skin tones, and ads depicting a thug theme were positively associated with depictions of condomless sex. 

Online sexually explicit ads featuring Black themes and actors more frequently depicted risky sex than ads with White men alone. Future research should examine whether risky depictions of Black men in online ads influence the sexual norms and cognitions of Black men who have sex with men and their partners.

Read more at: http://ht.ly/Sg3P3 

By: Jaclyn M. White,a,b,* Emilia Dunham,a Blake Rowley,c Sari L. Reisner,a,d and Matthew J. Mimiagaa,d,e

^bYale School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, New Haven, CT, USA

^cNational Alliance of State & Territorial AIDS Directors, Washington, DC, USA

^dHarvard School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, USA

^e

aThe Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, USA
bYale School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, New Haven, CT, USA
cNational Alliance of State & Territorial AIDS Directors, Washington, DC, USA
dHarvard School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, USA
eHarvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, USA

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aThe Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, USA