Interpersonal Violence & Traumatic Brain Injuries among Native Americans & Women

OBJECTIVES:

This study aimed to assess the odds of experiencing a traumatic brain injury (TBI) as a result of interpersonal violence (IPV) among Native Americans compared to other races controlling for gender, age, socioeconomic status, rurality and intoxication at the time of the injury.

METHODS:

A secondary data analysis of the Arizona Trauma Database consisting of 18 944 cases of TBI between 2008-2010 throughout the state of Arizona was conducted. There were 312 patients who experienced injuries caused by IPV in the sample. Descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations, bivariate analyses and a logistic regression model were used for analyses.

RESULTS:

The logistic regression model found that Native Americans (OR = 1.15), patients from the other race category (OR = 1.18), females (OR = 1.35) and those who were insured (OR = 1.26) had higher odds of experiencing a TBI as a result of IPV. Rurality and intoxication were mediators of the correlation between Native American race and TBI as a result of IPV.

CONCLUSIONS:

Native Americans are more likely than Whites and females are more likely than males to experience TBIs as a result of IPV.

Purchase full article at:   http://goo.gl/PFHf8V

By:  Linton KF1.

• 1School of Social Work, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, HI , USA. 
• Brain Inj. 2015;29(5):639-43. doi: 10.3109/02699052.2014.989406. Epub 2014 Dec 17.

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Patterns of Traumatic Injury in New York City Prisoners Requiring Hospital Admission

Bellevue Hospital's prison ward cares for male prisoners requiring medical attention that exceeds the capabilities of New York City Department of Correction (NYC-DOC) infirmaries. This study evaluated the injury patterns that occur in this patient population. 

Data were collected on consecutive prisoners transferred from NYC-DOC for traumatic injuries from June 1, 2003, to June 1, 2006, and analyzed by retrospective chart review. 

Overall, 251 patients were evaluated for traumatic injuries. Injury mechanisms were violent (75.7%), nonviolent (23.5%), and self-inflicted (0.8%). 

Of the 241 (96%) patients admitted, 213 (84.9%) required operative intervention. 

The most common injuries were mandible fractures (46.5%) and facial fractures (14.9%).

Purchase full article at:   http://goo.gl/qdh2rE

By:   Henning J1, Frangos S1, Simon R1, Pachter HL1, Bholat OS2.

• 1Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
• 2Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA omarbholat@yahoo.com. 
• J Correct Health Care. 2015 Jan;21(1):53-8. doi: 10.1177/1078345814558046.

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Substance Abuse & Criminal Activities Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Childhood, Adolescence & Early Adulthood

OBJECTIVE:

Use a longitudinal birth cohort to evaluate the association of traumatic brain injury at ages 0 to 5, 6 to 15, and 16 to 21 years with drug and alcohol abuse and engagement in criminal activities.

MAIN MEASURES:

Follow-up over 21 to 25 years using self-report of drug and alcohol use, arrests, and violent and property offenses. Outcomes were assessed for 2 levels of severity (inpatient, hospitalized; outpatient, seen by general practitioner or at emergency department).

RESULTS:

Adjusted for child and family factors, compared with noninjured individuals, inpatients injured at 0 to 5 years or 16 to 21 years were more likely to have symptoms consistent with drug dependence. All inpatient groups had increased risk of arrest, with the age groups of 0 to 5 and 6 to 15 years more likely to be involved in violent offenses and the age group of 0 to 5 years more likely to engage in property offenses. Outpatient group had an increased risk of violent offenses for first injury 0 to 5 years, arrests and property offenses for injury 6 to 15 years, and increased risk of arrests and violent offenses for injury 16 to 21 years of age. However, when alcohol dependence and drug dependence were added as an additional covariate, traumatic brain injury was no longer associated with criminal behavior for the age group of 0 to 5 years.

CONCLUSIONS:

Traumatic brain injury is associated with increased criminal behavior and may represent a risk factor for offending. However, early substance use is a mediating factor for those injured early in life.

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By:   McKinlay A¹, Corrigan J, Horwood LJ, Fergusson DM.

¹Monash University, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Australia (Dr McKinlay); Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand (Dr McKinlay); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio (Dr Corrigan); and Christchurch Health and Development Study, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand (Mr Horwood and Dr Fergusson).

J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2014 Nov-Dec;29(6):498-506. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000001.

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Differences According to Sex in Sociosexuality and Infidelity after Traumatic Brain Injury

To explore differences according to sex in sociosexuality and infidelity in individuals with TBI and in healthy controls. 

Forty-two individuals with mild, moderate, and severe TBI having completed a postacute TBI rehabilitation program, at least six months after injury, and 47 healthy controls.Main Measures. Sociosexual Orientation Inventory-Revised (SOI-R) and Attitudes toward Infidelity Scale.

Overall, men score significantly higher than women in sociosexuality. However, there was a nonsignificant trend towards a reduction of sociosexuality levels in men with TBI. Infidelity levels were comparable in healthy controls and individuals with TBI. In individuals with TBI, less acceptance of infidelity was significantly associated with an unrestricted sociosexual orientation, but not in healthy controls.

As documented in previous cross-cultural studies, men have higher levels of sociosexuality than women. However, men with TBI showed a tendency towards the reduction of sociosexuality. The possibility of a latent explanatory variable is suggested (e.g., post-TBI neuroendocrinological changes). TBI does not seem to have an impact on infidelity, but individuals with TBI who express less acceptance of infidelity also report a more promiscuous mating strategy regarding their behavior, attitudes, and desire. Theoretical implications are discussed in terms of evolutionary theories of human sexuality and neuropsychology.

Below:  Estimated marginal means for sociosexuality as a function of group and gender. Abbreviation: SOI, total score of the Sociosexual Orientation Inventory.

Full article at: http://goo.gl/79qD9D

By: Jhon Alexander Moreno 1 , 2 , * and Michelle McKerral 1 , 2 , *

¹Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Centre de Réadaptation Lucie-Bruneau (CRLB), 2275 Laurier Avenue East, Montréal, QC, Canada H2H 2N8

²Centre de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition (CERNEC), Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada

*Jhon Alexander Moreno: Email: ac.laertnomu@onerom.rednaxela.nohj and

*Michelle McKerral: Email: ac.laertnomu@larrekcm.ellehcim

Academic Editor: Hrayr Attarian

  

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