Little is known about adult
outcomes of males who as adolescents sought treatment for alcohol misuse or
drug use, and who additionally were engaging or not engaging in other forms of
delinquency.
Since the rates of negative outcomes vary in the general
population, the study determined whether the sub-groups of clinic attendees
fared differently as compared to males of the same age who had not sought
treatment for substance misuse from age 21 to 45. Adolescent males who
consulted the only substance misuse clinic in a Swedish city between 1968
and1971 were divided into four groups: ALCOHOL no drug use, no criminal offending
(n=52); ALCOHOL+D no drug use, plus criminal offending
(n=105); DRUG use, nocriminal offending
(n=92); and DRUG+D plus criminal offending
(n=474). These four groups were compared to a general population sample (GP) of
males matched on age and birthplace, who did not seek treatment for SM in
adolescence.
National Swedish registers provided data on death,
hospitalizations for substance misuse (SM), mental and physical disorders, and criminal convictions.
Compared to the GP, and after controlling for co-occurring adult outcomes,
ALCOHOL showed elevated risks for SM hospitalization and convictions for
violent crimes, and DRUG showed elevated risks for SM hospitalization,
convictions for non-violent crimes, and hospitalization for psychosis.
ALCOHOL+D and DRUG+D showed increased risk for SM hospitalization, violent and
non-violent convictions, and DRUG+D additionally, for death, and
hospitalizations for psychosis and physical illness.
Misuse of alcohol without
drug use or other delinquency in adolescence was associated with increased risk
for convictions for violent crimes during the subsequent 25 years, in addition
to SM, while adolescent drug use without other forms of delinquency was
associated with increased risks for convictions for non-violent crimes,
hospitalizations for SM, and non-affective psychosis. Cannabis use, with and
without delinquency, was associated with subsequent hospitalization for
non-affective psychosis.
Consistent with contemporary studies, most adolescents
treated for SM from 1968-1971 presented delinquency that was associated with an
increase in risk of all adverse outcomes to age 45.
Purchase full article at:
- 1Maria Ungdom Research Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Clinical Research Västerås, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden. Electronic address: peter.larm@ltv.se.
- 2Center for Developmental Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
- 3Maria Ungdom Research Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
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