Thursday, December 24, 2015

How Was the Weekend? How the Social Context Underlies Weekend Effects in Happiness and Other Emotions for US Workers

In this paper we estimate the size of weekend effects for seven emotions and then explore their main determinants for the working population in the United States, using the Gallup/Healthways US Daily Poll 2008–2012. We first find that weekend effects exist for all emotions, and that these effects are not explained by sample selection bias. Full-time workers have larger weekend effects than do part-time workers. We then explore the sources of weekend effects and find that workplace trust and workplace social relations, combined with differences in social time spent with family and friends, together almost fully explain the weekend effects for happiness, laughter, enjoyment and sadness, for both full-time and part-time workers, with significant but smaller proportions explained for the remaining three emotions—worry, anger and stress. Finally, we show that workplace trust and social relations significantly improve emotions and life evaluations on both weekends and weekdays for all workers.

Below:  Propensity Score. Notes: The upper panel of Fig 1 shows the distribution of propensity scores for people who were actually interviewed on weekends and weekdays, and the lower panel shows the distribution of propensity scores for people who report emotions for weekends (who were interviewed on Sunday and Monday) and weekdays (who were interviewed on Tuesday to Saturday).



Below:  Impacts of Workplace Environment on Positive Emotions and Life Evaluations on Weekends and Weekdays—Full-time Workers.  Notes: The vertical bars indicated by “trust” show the difference in positive emotions or life evaluations between those reporting “trusting workplace” and those reporting “non-trusting workplace”. The bars indicated by “partner” show the difference between those reporting “partner-like supervisor” and those reporting “boss-like supervisor”. The bars indicated by “both” show the difference between those reporting both “trusting workplace” and “partner-like supervisor” and those reporting “non-trusting workplace” and “boss-like supervisor”. 95% confidence interval is also shown for each bar.



Below:  Impacts of Workplace Environment on Negative Emotions on Weekends and Weekdays—Full-time Workers. Notes: The vertical bars indicated by “trust” show the difference in negative emotions between those reporting “trusting workplace” and those reporting “non-trusting workplace”. The bars indicated by “partner” show the difference between those reporting “partner-like supervisor” and those reporting “boss-like supervisor”. The bars indicated by “both” show the difference between those reporting both “trusting workplace” and “partner-like supervisor” and those reporting “non-trusting workplace” and “boss-like supervisor”. 95% confidence interval is also shown for each bar.



Full article at:   http://goo.gl/46zQXW

By:   
John F. Helliwell
Vancouver School of Economics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

John F. Helliwell
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Shun Wang
Korea Development Institute (KDI) School of Public Policy and Management, Sejong, Korea
  

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