This study examined the
association between unemployment and life expectancy in the United States
during 1990-2010.
Census-based unemployment rates were linked to US
county-level mortality data. Life expectancies were calculated by age, sex,
race, and unemployment level during 1990-2010. Differences in life expectancy
were decomposed by age and cause of death.
Life expectancy was consistently
lower in areas with higher unemployment rates. In 2006-2010, those in areas
with high unemployment rates (≥9%) had a life expectancy of 76.9 years,
compared with 80.7 years for those in areas with low unemployment rates
(<3%). The association between unemployment and life expectancy was stronger
for men than for women.
Life expectancy ranged from 69.9 years among black men
in high unemployment areas to 90.0 years among Asian/Pacific Islander women in
low unemployment areas. Disparities persisted over time. In 1990-1992, life
expectancy was 4.7 years shorter in high unemployment than in low unemployment
areas. In 2006-2010, the life expectancy difference between the lowest and
highest unemployment areas decreased to 3.8 years. Heart disease, cancer,
homicide, unintentional injuries, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and liver cirrhosis
contributed most to the lower life expectancy in high unemployment areas. High
unemployment areas recorded larger gains in life expectancy than low
unemployment areas, contributing to the narrowing gap during 1990-2010.
Below: Life expectancy at birth by sex and area unemployment level, United States, 1990–2010
Below: Survivorship by age, race, and unemployment level, United States, 1990–2010
Below: Conditional probability of survival between ages of 25 and 64 years by unemployment level, United States, 1990–2010
By:
- 1US Department of Health and Human Services, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA.
- 2Department of Health Promotion, Social and Behavioral Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Public Health, Omaha, NE 68198-4365, USA.
- Scientifica (Cairo). 2016;2016:8290435. doi: 10.1155/2016/8290435. Epub 2016 Mar 17.
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