Showing posts with label cravings. Show all posts
Showing posts with label cravings. Show all posts

Sunday, February 14, 2016

Cue-Induced Craving to Paraphernalia & Drug Images in Opioid Dependence

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Stimuli that are repeatedly paired with substance use, such as drug paraphernalia, can themselves elicit drug craving. The aim of this study was to examine whether particular cue types elicit greater craving responses than others among individuals with opioid dependence.

METHODS:
Participants seeking inpatient treatment for opioid dependence were recruited for a study of cue-induced craving. This sample (N = 50), included 25 primary heroin users, 20 primary prescription opioid users, and 5 users of heroin and prescription opioids equally. Participants completed a cue reactivity task, in which images of drug-related stimuli were presented on a computer screen, each followed by a question assessing state drug craving.

RESULTS:
Overall, participants reported higher craving following paraphernalia stimuli relative to drug stimuli. However, this was moderated by opioid type; there was significantly higher craving in response to images of paraphernalia cues in the heroin group, and higher craving in response to drug cues in the prescription opioid group.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS:
These findings highlight potential differences in cue reactivity to opioid paraphernalia and drug cues, which appears to be moderated by drug type.

SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE:
Cue-induced craving is an important factor in relapse. This study adds further to the literature on cue-induced craving in opioid dependence, suggesting that craving may vary based on both cue type and opioid type. Future studies designed to discriminate the impact of substance of abuse, route of administration, and cue type will help to further clarify cue-induced craving in this population.

Purchase full article at:   http://goo.gl/ZDa9VI

By:  McHugh RK1,2, Fulciniti F1, Mashhoon Y2,3, Weiss RD1,2.
  • 1Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts.
  • 2Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
  • 3Behavioral Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts. 
  •  2016 Feb 5. doi: 10.1111/ajad.12344.



Sunday, January 24, 2016

Sex and Eating: Relationships Based on Wanting and Liking

Sex and eating may have behavioral and psychological relationships and have cortical regions in common. This research investigated the general relationship between sex and eating from a reward perspective among the general population. 

Two-hundred and sixty-one Chinese participants were recruited via the internet (136 males, 125 females, mean age 30.46 years) to fill in questionnaires about wanting and liking for sex and eating. The results revealed that 
  • First, there was a positive correlation between wanting for sex and wanting to eat only for males. 
  • Second, the relationship between liking for sex and eating was also positive for males and not significant in females. 
  • Third, the correlation between sociosexual orientation and wanting to eat was significant only in females, and there was no significant correlation between sociosexual orientation and liking for eating. 
  • Fourth, emotional sex cravings (or emotional sexual activity) was positively correlated with emotional food cravings (or emotional eating behavior), with a higher magnitude correlation in males than females. 
  • Finally, analysis of wanting (liking) models of sex and eating for males and females revealed three models for wanting among females: high wanting, low wanting for eating, and low wanting for sex; and two models for wanting among males: high wanting and low wanting. 
Liking for sex and eating among females consisted of two types of model: high liking and low liking; whereas three type models existed for males: high liking for sex, high liking for eating, and low liking. 

In general, our research revealed that, as with other natural reward, sex and eating have considerable commonality and are related in numerous ways.

Full article at:   http://goo.gl/zZ2ALg

School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
Edited by: Sonja Yokum, Oregon Research Institute, USA
Reviewed by: Sabine Frank, University of Tübingen, Germany; Erica Schulte, University of Michigan, USA
*Correspondence: Yong Zheng, nc.ude.uws@ygnehz