Non-Homicidal and Homicidal Sexual Offenders: Prevalence of Maladaptive Personality Traits and Paraphilic Behaviors

This study aims to examine the psychopathological profile of non-homicidal sexual offenders (NHSOs) and homicidal sexual offenders (HSOs). 

Using an incarcerated sample of 96 NHSOs and 74 HSOs in a federal penitentiary in Canada, these offenders are compared in terms of their offending process, maladaptive personality traits, and paraphilic behaviors. A number of cross-tabular and sequential logistic regression analyses are performed. 

Relative to their counterpart, findings indicate that a higher percentage of HSOs select a victim of choice, report deviant sexual fantasies, mutilate their victim, and admit to their offense upon apprehension, whereas a higher percentage of NHSOs select victims with distinctive characteristics. In addition, a higher percentage of HSOs manifest paranoid, schizotypal, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, obsessive-compulsive, and impulsive personality traits, and overall odd and eccentric personality traits compared with NHSOs. 

Similarly, a higher percentage of HSOs engage in exhibitionism, fetishism, frotteurism, homosexual pedophilia, sexual masochism, and partialism compared with NHSO. 

These findings are discussed with their implications for offender profiling.

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By:  Chan HC1, Beauregard E2.

• 1City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR oliverchan.ss@cityu.edu.hk.
• 2Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. 
• J Interpers Violence. 2015 Mar 27. pii: 0886260515575606

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Risk Factors of Repeated Infectious Disease Incidence among Substance-Dependent Girls & Boys Court-Referred to Treatment

BACKGROUND:

A small portion of Americans account for a disproportionate amount of the incidences of sexually transmitted infection observed over a short period of time. Studies with adults have begun to characterize this population, yet there is very little data on adolescent sexually transmitted infection repeaters (STIR). This study explores characteristics associated with STIR among 102 girls and 93 boys (aged 14-18) court-referred for residential treatment.

METHODS:

Background characteristics, substance use disorders, risky and interpersonal behaviors, and history of sexually transmitted infections were collected at intake using valid and reliable instruments. A negative binomial logistic regression was performed to determine the background, risky behaviors, and social patterns associated with adolescent STIR.

RESULTS:

Approximately two out of three adolescents (62%) did not use contraception the last time they had sex, and 15% had at least one sexually transmitted infection recorded in their medical chart. Sexually transmitted infection repeaters entered treatment with higher rates of cocaine abuse (13%) than youth without multiple infections (3%, p < 0.05). History of sexual abuse, having sex with a person who said no, higher exhibitionism, and social estrangement increased the odds of adolescent STIR. Main effects of exhibitionism and social estrangement on increased odds of STIR were more pronounced for sexually abused adolescents.

CONCLUSIONS:

The findings suggest a need for incorporating HIV education during residential treatment to improve health outcomes and intervention strategies that further connectedness for youth and victims of sexual abuse.

Substance use disorders associated with sexually transmitted infection repeaters (STIR).

Substance use disorder (current)	Total 195 (100%)	Non-STIR 179 (92%)	STIR 16 (8%)
Alcohol
Abuse	36 (18%)	35 (20%)	1 (6%)
Dependency	118 (61%)	90 (89%)	11 (69%)
Drug
Abuse	12 (6%)	11 (6%)	1 (6%)
Dependency	193 (99%)	178 (99%)	15 (94%)
Marijuana
Abuse	18 (9%)	17 (10%)	1 (6%)
Dependency	179 (92%)	165 (92%)	14 (88%)
Narcotics
Abuse	22 (11%)	20 (11%)	2 (13%)
Dependency	58 (30%)	54 (30%)	4 (25%)
Hallucinogen
Abuse	16 (8%)	16 (9%)	0 (0%)
Dependency	57 (29%)	51 (29%)	6 (38%)
Cocaine
Abuse	8 (4%)	6 (3%)	2 (13%)*
Dependency	50 (26%)	48 (27%)	2 (13%)
Stimulants
Abuse	11 (6%)	9 (5%)	2 (13%)
Dependency	49 (25%)	46 (26%)	3 (19%)
Inhalants
Abuse	5 (3%)	5 (3%)	0 (0%)
Dependency	11 (6%)	11 (6%)	0 (0%)
Tranquilizers
Abuse	14 (7%)	14 (8%)	0 (0%)
Dependency	39 (20%)	35 (20%)	4 (25%)

*p < 0.05.

Full article at:   http://goo.gl/GCuHCA

By:  Pagano ME1, Maietti CM, Levine AD.

¹Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA

²Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA

Address correspondence to: Maria E. Pagano, PhD, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, WO Walker Center, 10524 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. Tel: +1 216 844 2767. Fax: +1 216 844 5883. Email: ude.esac@onagap.airam

Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2015 May;41(3):230-6. doi: 10.3109/00952990.2014.939753. Epub 2014 Aug 20.

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More Than a Nuisance: The Prevalence and Consequences of Frotteurism and Exhibitionism

Despite indications that acts of frotteurism and exhibitionism are frequent occurrences, these sexual paraphilias have received little empirical attention. To address this gap in our knowledge about these paraphilias, 459 undergraduate students in a major metropolitan city completed a self-report measure designed to investigate the frequency and correlates of frotteurism and exhibitionism. 

Results indicate a high rate of victimization among female college students for both paraphilias. Furthermore, acts of frotteurism and exhibitionism most often occurred in places related to public transportation (e.g., subway trains or platforms) in this urban setting. 

In addition, victims reported a number of negative outcomes as a consequence of victimization, including feelings of violation, changes in behavior, and even long-term psychological distress. Older females were the most likely to be victimized. 

These findings are discussed as they pertain to the prevention and deterrence of paraphilic sexual acts.

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By:  Clark SK1, Jeglic EL2, Calkins C3, Tatar JR1.

• 1University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
• 2John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY, USA ejeglic@jjay.cuny.edu.
• 3John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY, USA. 

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Paraphilic Sexual Interests and Sexually Coercive Behavior: A Population-Based Twin Study

Prior research with selected clinical and forensic samples suggests associations between paraphilic sexual interests (e.g., exhibitionism and sexual sadism) and sexually coercive behavior. However, no study to date used a large, representative and genetically informative population sample to address the potential causal nature of this association. 

We used self-report data on paraphilic and sexually coercive behavior from 5990 18- to 32-year-old male and female twins from a contemporary Finnish population cohort. Logistic regression and co-twin control models were employed to examine if paraphilic behaviors were causally related to coercive behavior or if suggested links were confounded by familial (genetic or common family environment) risk factors. 

Results indicated that associations between four out of five tested paraphilic behaviors (exhibitionism, masochism, sadism, and voyeurism, respectively) and sexually coercive behavior were moderate to strong. Transvestic fetishism was not independently associated with sexual coercion. 

Comparisons of twins reporting paraphilic behavior with their paraphilic behavior-discordant twin further suggested that associations were largely independent of shared genetic and environmental confounds, consistent with a causal association. 

In conclusion, similar to previously reported predictive effects of paraphilias on sexual crime recidivism, paraphilic behavior among young adults in the general population increases sexual offending risk. Further, early identification of paraphilic interest and preventive interventions with at-risk individuals might also reduce perpetration of first-time sexual violence.

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By:  Baur E1,2, Forsman M3,4, Santtila P5, Johansson A5,6, Sandnabba K5, Långström N7,8.

• 1Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
• 2LWL-Maßregelvollzugsklinik, Herne, Germany.
• 3Swedish Prison and Probation Service, R&D Unit, PO Box 12055, 102 22, Stockholm, Sweden. mats.forsman@ki.se.
• 4Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. mats.forsman@ki.se.
• 5Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
• 6Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
• 7Swedish Prison and Probation Service, R&D Unit, PO Box 12055, 102 22, Stockholm, Sweden.
• 8Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 

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