Substance Use, Disordered Eating, and Weight Gain: Describing the Prevention and Treatment Needs of Incarcerated Women

Weight-related concerns are associated with women's substance use and treatment relapse. The prevalence of overweight, obesity, disordered eating behavior, and substance abuse history was assessed among female inmates incarcerated for 6 to 24 months at an Oregon state prison, using a self-administered survey and physical measurements. 

Average weight gain was 20 pounds, 87% of women were overweight (39%) or obese (48%), and 24% reported using one or more unhealthy strategies to lose weight in the past 6 months. Women who used tobacco and illicit substances before incarceration gained more weight. 

Integrating nutrition and weight gain issues into substance abuse treatment could benefit incarcerated women-both soon after entering prison to prevent weight gain and close to release to prevent relapse into substance use.

Purchase full article at:   http://goo.gl/HD0ZcB

By:  Drach LL1, Maher JE2, Braun MJ3, Murray SL4, Sazie E5.

• 1Program Design and Evaluation Services, Multnomah County Health Department and Oregon Public Health Division, Portland, OR, USA linda.drach@state.or.us.
• 2Program Design and Evaluation Services, Multnomah County Health Department and Oregon Public Health Division, Portland, OR, USA.
• 3Oregon Youth Authority, Portland, OR, USA Oregon Department of Corrections (formerly), Portland, OR, USA.
• 4Oregon Public Health Division, Portland, OR, USA.
• 5Oregon Department of Corrections (formerly), Portland, OR, USA. 
• J Correct Health Care. 2016 Apr;22(2):139-45. doi: 10.1177/1078345816634692.

More at:  https://twitter.com/hiv insight

And: http://twitter.com/Prison Health

High Prevalence of Being Overweight and Obese HIV-Infected Persons, Before and After 24 Months on Early ART in the ANRS 12136 Temprano Trial

BACKGROUND:

HIV is usually associated with weight loss. World health Organization (WHO) recommends early antiretroviral (ART) initiation, but data on the progression of body mass index (BMI) in participants initiating early ART in Africa are scarce.

METHODS:

The Temprano randomized trial was conducted in Abidjan to assess the effectiveness of early ART and Isoniazid (INH) prophylaxis for tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons with high CD4 counts below 800 cells/mm(3) without any indication for starting ART. Patients initiating earlyART before December 2010 were included in this sub-study. BMI was categorized as: underweight (<18.5 kg/m(2)), normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m(2)) and obese (≥30 kg/m(2)). At baseline and after 24 months of ART, prevalence of being overweight orobese and factors associated with being overweight or obese were estimated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.

RESULTS:

At baseline, 755 participants (78 % women; median CD4 count 442/mm(3), median baseline BMI 22 kg/m(2)) initiated ART. Among them, 19.7 % were overweight, and 7.2 % were obese at baseline. Factors associated with being overweight or obese were: female sex aOR 2.3 (95 % CI 1.4-3.7), age, aOR for 5 years 1.01 (95 % CI 1.0-1.2), high living conditions aOR 2.6 (95 % CI 1.5-4.4), High blood pressure aOR 4.3 (95 % CI 2.0-9.2), WHO stage 2vs1 aOR 0.7 (95 % CI 0.4-1.0) and Hemoglobin ≥95 g/dl aOR 3.0 (95 % CI 1.6-5.8). Among the 597 patients who attended the M24 visit, being overweight or obese increased from 20.4 to 24.8 % (p = 0.01) and 7.2 to 9.2 % (p = 0.03) respectively and factor associated with being overweight or obese was immunological response measured as an increase of CD4 cell count between M0-M24 (for +50 cells/mm(3): aOR 1.01; 95 % CI 1.05-1.13, p = 0.01).

CONCLUSION:

The weight categories overweight and obese are highly prevalent in HIV-infected persons with high CD4 cell counts at baseline, and increased over 24 months on ART in this Sub-Saharan African population.

Below:  Changes of BMI vs baseline (Mean and 95 % confidence intervals) according to initial BMI category, among 597 patients who attended the 24-month visit in the Temprano trial. N number, % percentage, BMI body mass index, underweight BMI <18.5 kg/m², normal BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m², Overweight BMI 25–29.9 kg/m², Obese BMI >30 kg/m²

Full article at:   http://goo.gl/ZkLOjA

By:  Guehi C1, Badjé A2, Gabillard D3, Ouattara E4, Koulé SO1, Moh R5, Ekouevi D2, Ahibo H6, N'Takpé JB7, Menan GK7, Deschamps N7, Lecarrou J3, Eholié S5,Anglaret X4, Danel C2.

• 1Unité de Soins Ambulatoire et de Conseil (USAC), 18 BP, 1125 Abidjan 18, Côte d'Ivoire.
• 2Programme PACCI, ANRS research Site, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire ; Inserm U 1219, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.
• 3Inserm U 1219, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France ; ISPED, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.
• 4Programme PACCI, ANRS research Site, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire ; Inserm U 1219, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France ; ISPED, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.
• 5Programme PACCI, ANRS research Site, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire ; Department of Infectious Diseases, Treichville Hospital, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
• 6Centre de Recherche et Diagnostic sur le SIDA, (Cedres) CHU de Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
• 7Programme PACCI, ANRS research Site, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. 
• AIDS Res Ther. 2016 Feb 25;13:12. doi: 10.1186/s12981-016-0094-y. eCollection 2016.

More at:  https://twitter.com/hiv insight

And: http://twitter.com/Prison Health

Weight Perceptions, Misperceptions & Dating Violence Victimization among U.S. Adolescents

Dating violence is a major public health issue among youth. Overweight/obese adolescents experience peer victimization and discrimination and may be at increased risk of dating violence victimization. Furthermore, given the stigma associated with overweight/obesity, perceptions and misperceptions of overweight may be more important than actual weight status for dating violence victimization. 

This study examines the association of three weight indices (weight status, perceived weight, and weight perception accuracy) with psychological and physical dating violence victimization. The 2010 baseline survey of the 7-year NEXT Generation Health Study used a three-stage stratified clustered sampling design to select a nationally representative sample of U.S. 10th-grade students (n = 1,983). Participants who have had a boyfriend/girlfriend reported dating violence victimization and perceived weight. Weight status was computed from measured height/weight. Weight perception accuracy (accurate/underestimate/overestimate) was calculated by comparing weight status and perceived weight. Gender-stratified regressions examined the association of weight indices and dating violence victimization. Racial/ethnic differences were also examined. 

The association of weight indices with dating violence victimization significantly differed by gender. Overall, among boys, no associations were observed. Among girls, weight status was not associated with dating violence victimization, nor with number of dating violence victimization acts; however, perceived weight and weight perception accuracy were significantly associated with dating violence victimization, type of victimization, and number of victimization acts. Post hoc analyses revealed significant racial/ethnic differences. White girls who perceive themselves (accurately or not) to be overweight, and Hispanic girls who are overweight, may be at increased risk of dating violence victimization. 

These findings suggest a targeted approach to dating violence victimization prevention.

Table 2

Prevalence of Dating Violence Victimization, by Gender of the Victim and Measure of Victimization

	Weight Status (%)			Perceived Weight (%)			Weight Perception Accuracy (%)
	Normal	Overweight	Obese	About Right	Too Thin	Too Fat	Accurate	Underestimate	Overestimate
Boys (n = 881)
Psychological
Insulted	13.7	10.2	11.0	12.2	17.7	10.6	12.0	13.4	12.9
Sworn at	21.9	18.9	23.2	21.6	26.3	19.2	19.8	25.2	23.3
Threatened	5.0	3.9	3.4	3.8	7.7	4.4	3.7	5.2	8.7
Physical
Pushed	11.4	9.4	6.7	10.8	12.7	7.0	9.2	10.4	12.3
Had something thrown at him or her	2.6	4.1	2.8	2.4	2.7	4.2	3.0	2.6	4.2
Any victimization
Yes	26.4	25.5	33.0	27.0	31.1	27.2	26.4	30.8	24.0
No	73.6	74.5	67.0	73.0	68.9	72.8	73.6	69.2	76.0
Types of victimization
None	73.6	74.5	67.0	73.0	68.9	72.8	73.6	69.2	76.0
Psychological only	14.6	14.5	24.4	16.0	18.3	17.3	15.8	19.4	10.9
Physical only/both	11.8	11.0	8.6	11.0	12.8	9.9	10.6	11.4	13.1
Total number of victimization acts (SE)	0.54 (0.08)	0.46 (0.07)	0.46 (0.06)	0.50 (0.07)	0.65 (0.17)	0.44 (0.08)	0.47 (0.06)	0.57 (0.09)	0.61 (0.25)
Girls (n = 1,102)
Psychological
Insulted	18.0	18.6	10.5	12.9	17.5	20.6	14.7	12.6	30.2**
Sworn at	37.4	36.6	36.0	31.5	34.2	43.3*	36.1	27.3	50.4*
Threatened	5.1	5.8	10.8	4.9	3.0	8.3	6.1	5.7	8.2
Physical
Pushed	10.6	10.0	5.3	6.4	11.0	12.5	7.4	7.8	21.3**
Had something thrown at him or her	2.6	1.0	1.3	1.4	1.3	2.8	1.3	1.3	6.6*
Any victimization
No	58.2	60.0	58.5	66.0	58.2	50.8	60.3	68.0	41.7
Yes	41.8	40.0	41.5	34.0	41.8	49.2*	39.7	32.0	58.3**
Types of victimization
None	58.2	60.0	58.5	66.0	58.2	50.8	60.3	68.0	41.7
Psychological only	30.2	30.2	36.2	27.6	30.9	35.4	32.3	24.3	32.7
Physical only/both	11.6	9.8	5.3	6.4	10.9	13.8*	7.4	7.6	25.6***
Total number of victimization acts (SE)	0.73 (0.07)	0.70 (0.08)	0.62 (0.12)	0.56 (0.08)	0.66 (0.10)	0.85 (0.05)***	0.64 (0.06)	0.54 (0.09)	1.14 (0.14)**

*p < .05.

**p < .01.

***p < .001.

Full article at:   http://goo.gl/RKTEcZ

By:   Tilda Farhat, PhD,1 Denise Haynie, PhD,1 Faith Summersett-Ringgold, BS,1 Ashley Brooks-Russell, PhD,1 and Ronald J. Iannotti1

¹National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

Corresponding Author: Tilda Farhat, Disparities Research Branch, Center to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, MSC 9746, Room 6W246, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Email: vog.hin@tahraF.adliT

Authors' Note: Faith Summersett-Ringgold is now at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Ashley Brooks-Russell is now at University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; and Ronald J. Iannotti is now at University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts.

 

More at:  https://twitter.com/hiv_insight

And: http://twitter.com/Prison_Health

Overweight, Obesity & Female Sexuality in Perimenopause: A Preliminary Report

Below: The relation between domain of sexual desire and BMI among women

Below: The relation between domain of sexual arousal and BMI among women

Below: The relation between lubrication domain and BMI among women

Below: The relation between orgasm domain and BMI among women

Below: The relation between domain of sexual satisfaction and BMI among women

Below: The relation between domain of sexual pain and BMI among women

Below: The relation between total Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and BMI among women

Material and methods

Sixty-one women during the perimenopausal period filled out the survey, with the average age of these women being 51 years. Forty-two of the examined women had an appropriate body mass index (BMI), i.e. between 18.5 and 25, while for 19 of the women, the BMI was above normal. For statistical analysis and in order to assess the differences between the two above-mentioned groups of patients, the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was applied. A statistically significant value was assumed at p < 0.05. The results of the conducted research indicated no such difference between the women with differing BMI for the specific domains of the FSFI test.

Results

The results obtained show that research in the area needs to be continued.

Conclusions

All the hitherto existing scientific studies also seem to indicate that the influence of overweight and obesity on female sexuality during the perimenopause has not yet been unambiguously proven. Beyond any doubt, however, sexual disorders appear in women at this time of life and the factors which determine them can vary greatly. Given the character of the situation, women ought to be supported both by a team of specialists representing different branches of medicine as well as by their relatives. The whole situation also calls for more research of the important subject matter.

Read more at: http://ht.ly/RPE23 HT https://twitter.com/NCBI

More at:  https://twitter.com/hiv_insight