Challenges faced by marginalized communities such as transgenders in Pakistan. Read more at: http://ow.ly/M0yD30mlMyV
HIV Insight
Tuesday, October 23, 2018
Thursday, August 4, 2016
Thursday, July 28, 2016
Friday, July 1, 2016
The Use of Female Sex Workers Among Men in Nepal: Prevalence, STIs/HIV-Related Risk Behaviors, and Gender Ideology
Heterosexual sex involving
female sex workers (FSWs) is widely documented for its role in facilitating the
spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)/HIV. Critical to such studies,
and increasingly considered essential to HIV prevention efforts, is the gender
constructs and power dynamics within relationships. However, little efforts
have been made, which focus on male clients of FSWs, particularly on the
relationship between gender ideologies and men’s sexual contact with FSWs,
within the Nepali context.
The present study aims to fill this critical gap by
assessing the prevalence of use of FSWs and its association with
STIs/HIV-related risk behaviors and gender ideologies among Nepali men. We used
data from the nationally representative Nepal Demographic Health Survey (NDHS)
2011. For the purpose of analyses, we included a sample of 4,121 men, aged
15–49 years. During data analyses, we used multivariate logistic regression
models, adjusted for the following variables: age, region, residence, religion,
educational level, wealth index, employment status, and cigarette smoking
status.
Of the total sample, approximately 5% reported the use of FSWs in their
lifetime. In regression models, men who had sex with FSWs were more likely to
report a history of STIs, not using condom all the time, more than one sexual partner, and have had early sexual debut. Respondents reporting the endorsement of violence against wives and male sexual entitlement were significantly more likely to report sexual contact with FSWs.
Our
findings highlight the need to develop and implement specifically tailored
interventions toward male clients of FSWs, with a particular emphasis on
promoting equitable gender roles and beliefs.
Full article at: http://goo.gl/e97o7T
By: Roman Shrestha,1,2 Pramila Karki,2,3 and Michael Copenhaver2,3
1Department of Community Medicine and
Health Care, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
2Institute for Collaboration on Health,
Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
3Department of Allied Health Sciences,
University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
Prim Prev Insights. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 Jun 27.
Published in final edited form as:
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Thursday, June 30, 2016
The relationship between violence and engagement in drug dealing and sex work among street-involved youth
OBJECTIVES:
METHODS:
RESULTS:
CONCLUSION:
Purchase full article at: http://goo.gl/emWqd9
- 1Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia; British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS. khayashi@cfenet.ubc.ca.
- Can J Public Health. 2016 Jun 27;107(1):e88-93. doi: 10.17269/cjph.107.5219.
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Saturday, June 25, 2016
Shame, Guilt, and Suicide Ideation among Bondage and Discipline, Dominance and Submission, and Sadomasochism Practitioners: Examining the Role of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide
To date, no study has
examined rates of suicide ideation or theory-based risk factors for suicide
ideation among bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, and
sadomasochism (BDSM) practitioners. Participants were 321 adults that endorsed
BDSM involvement. Thirty-seven percent of the sample indicated a nonzero level
of suicide ideation. Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness (PB)
were positively associated with suicide ideation and their interactive effect
predicted additional variance in suicide ideation after adjusting for
depressive symptoms. Overall, shame and guilt were positively associated with
suicide ideation and these relations were mediated by thwarted belongingness
and PB in parallel adjusting for depressive symptoms; however, there were some
differences between demographic subgroups. Among BDSM practitioners,
stigma-related internalized feelings (i.e., shame and guilt) may be associated
with increased thwarted belongingness and PB, which are associated with suicide
ideation.
Purchase full article at: http://goo.gl/Llv4sj
By: Roush JF1, Brown SL1, Mitchell SM1, Cukrowicz KC1.
- 1Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
- Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2016 Jun 20. doi: 10.1111/sltb.12267
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Tuesday, June 21, 2016
Exchange Sex and HIV Infection among Men Who Have Sex with Men: 20 US Cities, 2011
This study assessed the prevalence of exchanging sex
for money or drugs among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the 2011 US National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system. Prevalence of HIV, being HIV-positive but unaware
(HIV-positive-unaware),
risk behaviors and use of services were compared between MSM who did and did not
receive money or drugs from one or more casual male partners in exchange for oral
or anal sex in the past 12 months.
Among 8411 MSM, 7.0 % exchanged sex. MSM who
exchanged sex were more likely to be non-Hispanic black, live in poverty, have injected
drugs, have multiple condomless anal sex partners, be HIV-positive and be HIV-positive-unaware.
In
multivariable analysis, exchange sex was associated with being HIV-positive-unaware (aPR 1.34, 95 % CI 1.05-1.69) after adjusting
for race/ethnicity, age, education, poverty, and injecting drugs.
MSM who exchange
sex represent an important group to reach with HIV prevention, testing, and care services as they
were more likely to report behavioral risk factors that put them at risk of HIV.
Purchase full article at: http://goo.gl/ptrrEk
By: M Nerlander L1,2, Hess KL3, Sionean C3, E Rose C3, Thorson A4, Broz D3, Paz-Bailey G3.
1Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS-E46, Atlanta, GA, 30329,
USA. vif7@cdc.gov.
2Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. vif7@cdc.gov.
3Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS-E46, Atlanta, GA, 30329,
USA.
4Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
AIDS Behav. 2016 Jun 15. [Epub ahead of
print]
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Monday, June 20, 2016
High prevalence of unhealthy alcohol use and comparison of self-reported alcohol consumption to phosphatidylethanol among women engaged in sex work and their male clients in Cambodia
BACKGROUND:
METHODS:
RESULTS:
CONCLUSIONS:
Purchase full article at: http://goo.gl/OVW2hK
By: Couture MC1, Page K2, Sansothy N3, Stein E4, Vun MC5, Hahn JA6.
1Department of Population Health Sciences, School of
Nursing and Health Professions, University of San Francisco, 2130 Fulton St.,
San Francisco, CA 94117, United States. Electronic address: mcouture@usfca.edu.
2University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Dept.
of Internal Medicine MSC 10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
87131, United States.
3National Center for HIV, AIDS, Dermatology and STDs,
#245H, Street 6A, Phum Kean Khlang, Sangkat Prekleap Russey Keo, Phnom Penh,
Cambodia; University of Health Sciences-Cambodia, #73 Monivong Boulevard, Srah
Chak, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
4Global Health Sciences/Prevention and Public Health
Group, University of California San Francisco, Mission Hall, 550 16th St.,
Third Fl., Box 1224, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States.
5National Center for HIV, AIDS, Dermatology and STDs,
#245H, Street 6A, Phum Kean Khlang, Sangkat Prekleap Russey Keo, Phnom Penh,
Cambodia.
6Department of Medicine, University of California San
Francisco, Mission Hall, 550 16th St., Third Fl., Box 1224, San Francisco, CA
94158, United States.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016
May 21. pii: S0376-8716(16)30117-X. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.05.011.
[Epub ahead of print]
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The use of structural equation modelling and behavioural theory to target priority interventions to increase condom use among the intimate partners of sex workers in French Guiana
French Guiana is the French
overseas territory that is most affected by HIV. Sex work seems to be an
important driver of the epidemic. Although female sex workers are informed by
local NGOs, they still have risky behaviours, including not using condoms with
their intimate partner despite knowing HIV is highly prevalent.
The objective
of this study was to find intervention targets on this specific behaviour. For
this, a structural equation model (SEM) was built using assumptions from
behavioural theories. Behaviour theories attempt to connect research and
practice. Within the health belief model framework, perceived threats,
perceived benefits, and self-perceived efficacy were tested. Vulnerability was
added because of the particular context of French Guiana.
The results highlight
that female sex workers’ perceived self-efficacy was central in condom use with
the intimate partner (with a significant correlation coefficient of 0.52 in the
SEM). The perceived self-efficacy was strongly influenced by sociodemographic
factors, particularly by nationality. Female sex workers from Brazil seemed to
be more comfortable about asking their intimate partner to use condoms (OR:
7.81; CI: 1.87–32.63) than sex workers of other nationalities.
These results
emphasize that prevention interventions for female sex workers should emphasize
their empowerment.
Purchase full article at: http://goo.gl/flHO6u
By: Marie-Claire Parriaulta*, Astrid Van Mellea, Célia Basurkoa, Leila Adriouchb, Stéphanie Rogiera, Pierre Couppiéc & Mathieu Nacherab
a INSERM CIC
1424, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
b COREVIH Guyane,
Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
c Department of
Dermatology, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
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Sunday, June 19, 2016
What role does transactional sex play in the HIV/STI and reproductive health risk behaviour among high-tier entertainment centre workers in China?
China's rapid economic growth
over the last three decades has led to increased population wealth and the
proliferation of entertainment centres where people can conduct business, relax
and meet new people. Little is known about the sexual risk behaviours of
employees at high-tier entertainment centres.
This paper addresses this gap in
knowledge by comparing HIV risk
perception and sexual and reproductive health behaviours among female and male
employees at three high-tier entertainment centres in two cities in China,
comparing those who report a history of transactional sex to those who do not.
In both cities, participants who reported a history of transactional sex were
more likely than those without a history of transactional sex to report
multiple sexual partnerships, more lifetime sexual partners, a history of
sexually transmitted infections (STIs), having anal sex and/or recent
abortions, and were more likely to perceive themselves to be at risk for STIs/HIV. However, risk behaviour was also high among those with no
history of transactional sex.
These findings highlight the need for targeted
sexual and reproductive health initiatives for employees in these work settings.
Purchase full article at: http://goo.gl/ifrptC
By: Mantell JE1, LeVasseur MT, Sun X, Zhou J, Mao J, Peng Y, Zhou F, DiCarlo AL, Kelvin EA.
1 HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral
Studies , New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University , New
York , NY , USA.
Glob Public Health. 2015;10(8):947-67.
doi: 10.1080/17441692.2015.1045918.
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Saturday, June 18, 2016
Micro-level social and structural factors act synergistically to increase HIV risk among Nepalese female sex workers
OBJECTIVES:
METHODS:
RESULTS:
CONCLUSIONS:
Purchase full article at: http://goo.gl/sza5PI
By: Deuba K1, Anderson S2, Ekström AM3, Pandey SR4, Shrestha R5, Karki DK6, Marrone G3.
1Public Health and Environment Research Center,
Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: deuba4k@gmail.com.
2Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
3Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska
University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
4FHI360, Kathmandu, Nepal.
5Centre for International Health, University of Bergen,
Bergen, Norway.
6Department of Public Health, Nobel College, Pokhara
University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Int J Infect Dis. 2016 Jun 13. pii:
S1201-9712(16)31091-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.06.007. [Epub ahead of print]
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Thursday, June 16, 2016
Prevalence of HIV and Associated Risks of Kampala among Youth in the Slums of Kampala
Purpose.
The purpose of this study is to examine
the prevalence of and risk factors for engaging in sex work among youth living
in Kampala, Uganda.
Methods.
Analyses are based on a cross-sectional study (N =
1,134) of youth aged 12-18 years, living in the slums of Kampala, conducted in
Spring of 2014. The analytic sample consisted of only sexually active youth (n
= 590). Youth who reported engaging in sex work were compared to youth who did
not report sex work. Multivariable analyses were conducted to examine factors
associated with sex work.
Results.
Among the youth who had ever had sexual
intercourse (n = 590), 13.7% (n = 81) reported engaging in sex work.
Self-reported HIV prevalence was 13.9% among the total sample (n = 81) and
22.5% (n = 18) among youth engaged in sex work. Engaging in sex work was
associated with being female (AOR 10.4; 95% CI: 3.9, 27.4), being an orphan
(AOR 3.8; 95% CI: 1.7, 8.4), ever drinking alcohol (AOR 8.3; 95% CI 3.7, 19.0),
and experiencing any rape (AOR 5.3; 95% CI: 2.9, 9.5).
Discussion.
The reported
prevalence of sex work is high among youth in the slums of Kampala and is
associated with high HIV prevalence, ever drinking alcohol, previously being
raped, and being an orphan.
Table 2
Variable | Sex workers Yes n (%) | Sex workers No n (%) | Total sample n (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
81 (13.7) | 509 (68.3) | 590 (100) | ||||
Age | ||||||
12–14 years | 4 (4.9) | 27 (5.3) | 31 (5.3) | Ref | — | 0.67 |
15-16 years | 15 (18.5) | 116 (22.8) | 131 (22.2) | 0.9 (0.3–2.8) | ||
17-18 years | 62 (76.5) | 366 (71.9) | 428 (72.5) | 1.1 (0.4–3.4) | ||
Sex, n (%) | ||||||
Females | 76 (93.8) | 271 (53.2) | 347 (58.8) | Ref | Ref | ∗∗ |
Males | 5 (6.2) | 238 (46.8) | 243 (41.2) | 13.4 (5.3–33.5) | 10.4 (3.9–27.4) | |
School attendance | ||||||
Yes | 67 (83.7) | 480 (94.3) | 547 (93.8) | Ref | Ref | ∗∗ |
No | 13 (16.3) | 23 (5.7) | 36 (6.2) | 4.1 (2.0–8.4) | 2.2 (0.8–5.7) | |
Religion | ||||||
Christian Catholic | 28 (34.6) | 196 (38.5) | 224 (38.0) | Ref | — | 0.09 |
Christian (other) | 37 (45.7) | 169 (33.2) | 206 (34.9) | 1.5 (0.9–2.6) | ||
Muslim | 11 (13.6) | 118 (23.2) | 129 (21.9) | 0.7 (0.3–1.4) | ||
Other | 5 (6.2) | 26 (5.1) | 31 (5.3) | 1.3 (0.5–3.8) | ||
Parental drunkenness | ||||||
Yes | 51 (63.0) | 259 (51.0) | 310 (52.6) | 1.6 (1.0–2.7) | — | 0.05 |
No | 30 (37.0) | 249 (49.0) | 279 (47.4) | Ref | ||
No parents alive | 36 (44.4) | 108 (21.2) | 144 (24.4) | 5.4 (2.7–10.9) | 3.8 (1.7–8.5) | ∗∗ |
1 parent alive | 33 (40.7) | 205 (40.3) | 238 (40.3) | 2.6 (1.3–5.2) | 1.7 (0.8–3.6) | |
2 parents alive | 12 (14.8) | 196 (38.5) | 208 (35.3) | Ref | Ref | |
Ever alcohol use | ||||||
Yes | 72 (90.0) | 271 (53.5) | 343 (58.4) | 7.8 (3.7–16.6) | 8.3 (3.7–19.0) | ∗∗ |
No | 8 (10.0) | 236 (46.5) | 244 (41.6) | Ref | Ref | |
Any rape | ||||||
Yes | 55 (67.9) | 98 (19.2) | 153 (25.9) | 8.9 (5.3–14.9) | 5.3 (2.9–9.5) | ∗∗ |
No | 26 (32.1) | 411 (80.8) | 437 (74.0) | Ref | Ref | |
Parental abuse of youth | ||||||
Yes | 35 (43.2) | 197 (38.8) | 232 (39.4) | 1.8 (1.1–2.9) | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | 0.45 |
No | 46 (56.8) | 311 (61.2) | 357 (60.6) | Ref | Ref | |
HIVa | ||||||
Yes | 18 (22.5) | 63 (12.5) | 81 (13.9) | — | — | ∗ |
No | 62 (77.5) | 440 (87.5) | 502 (86.1) | |||
Other STIa | ||||||
Yes | 63 (77.8) | 248 (48.7) | 311 (52.7) | — | — | ∗∗ |
No | 18 (22.2) | 261 (51.3) | 279 (47.3) |
Note: P value is obtained from chi-square analyses.
aHIV and other STIs not included in the logistic regression analyses due to HIV/STI being hypothesized outcomes of commercial sex work instead of risk factors.
Full article at: http://goo.gl/vtZVwm
By: Swahn MH1, Culbreth R1, Salazar LF1, Kasirye R2, Seeley J3.
1School of Public Health, Georgia State University,
P.O. Box 3995, Atlanta, GA 30302-3995, USA.
2Uganda Youth Development Link, P.O. Box 12659,
Kampala, Uganda.
3London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel
Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
AIDS Res Treat. 2016;2016:5360180.
doi: 10.1155/2016/5360180. Epub 2016 Apr 28.
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