Porn consumption among adolescent girls in Sweden

Via:  http://goo.gl/7jI6BH

Prevalence of Binge Drinking & Associated Behaviours among 3,286 College Students in France

BACKGROUND:

Studies conducted on characteristics of binge drinking and associated behaviours in college student populations are scarce especially in France. Hence, it is important to identify risk factors for binge drinking at university, especially those which may be changed. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of binge drinking and associated behaviours across a large sample of college students in Upper Normandy (France).

METHODS:

A cross sectional study was performed between November 2009 and February 2013 and data on socioeconomic characteristics and behavioural risk factors were collected: alcohol (consumption and misuse of alcohol, occasional and frequent binge drinking), tobacco, cannabis, cyberaddiction, stress and depression. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was filled out by college student volunteers from Upper Normandy (France) either online or by paper questionnaire. Analyses were performed using multivariate logistic regression models.

RESULTS:

A total of 3286 students were included. The mean (Standard Deviation (SD)) age of students was 20.8 years (SD = 2.1) with a male-female ratio of 0.60. The prevalence of binge drinking in the never, occasional and frequent categories was respectively 34.9 %, 51.3 %, and 13.8 %. The mean number of units of alcohol consumed per week (except BD episodes) was 0.78 for never, 3.7 for occasional and 10.5 for frequent binge drinkers (p < 0.0001). A positive relation was observed between frequent binge drinking and the following: male gender, living in rented accommodation, attending business school, regular practice of sport, smoking, occasional cannabis use, and alcohol abuse. A negative association was observed between frequent binge drinking and grant holder status, living in couples, and stress.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study highlights the spread of binge drinking among college students and identifies student populations at risk: male gender, living in rented accommodation, regular practice of sport, and other risk behaviours such as use of tobacco, cannabis and alcohol. These behaviours increase with the frequency of binge drinking.

Below:  Frequency of consumption of binge drinking according to the gender of college students (France; 2010-2012) (N=3286)

Full article at:   http://goo.gl/xH28Bs

By:  Tavolacci MP1,2, Boerg E3, Richard L4, Meyrignac G5, Dechelotte P6,4, Ladner J6,7.

• 1Rouen University Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center 1404, 1 Rue de Germont, Rouen Cedex, 76031, France. marie-pierre.tavolacci@chu-rouen.fr.
• 2Rouen University Hospital, IRIB, Inserm U1073, Rouen, France. marie-pierre.tavolacci@chu-rouen.fr.
• 3Rouen University Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center 1404, 1 Rue de Germont, Rouen Cedex, 76031, France.
• 4Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.
• 5Department of Preventive Medicine of University, Rouen University, Rouen, France.
• 6Rouen University Hospital, IRIB, Inserm U1073, Rouen, France.
• 7Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France. 
• BMC Public Health. 2016 Feb 23;16(1):178. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-2863-x.

More at:  https://twitter.com/hiv insight

And: http://twitter.com/Prison Health

Prevalence & Correlates of Smoking & Readiness to Quit Smoking in People Living with HIV in Austria & Germany

We aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of smoking in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in Germany and Austria and their readiness to quit. 

A total of 447 consecutive patients with confirmed positive HIV status who were treated in different outpatient HIV centres in Austria and Germany were included. Nicotine dependence and stages of change were assessed by standardized questionnaires, and this was confirmed by measuring exhaled carbon monoxide. 

Prevalence of smoking was 49.4%. According to a multivariate logistic regression analysis, higher age and tertiary education level were associated with a lower chance, and occasional and daily smoking of the partner were significantly associated with a higher chance of smoking. Moderate and higher nicotine dependency level, were significantly associated with higher chance, and older age, with lower chance for readiness to quit smoking. Those results may be used to address preventive measures to quit smoking aimed at PLWHIV and the importance of addressing smoking habits.

Below:  Smoking characteristics of participants who smoke

Full article at:   http://goo.gl/q1giMg

By:  

Helmut Brath 
Health Centre South, Vienna, Austria

Igor Grabovac 

Institute of Occupational Medicine, University Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Horst Schalk 

Schalk-Pichler Group Practice, Vienna, Austria

Olaf Degen 

University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Outpatient Centre, Hamburg, Germany

Thomas E. Dorner 

Institute of Social Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

More at:  https://twitter.com/hiv insight

And: http://twitter.com/Prison Health

Determinants of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Seroprevalence and DNA Prevalence in Mid-Adult Women

BACKGROUND:

The epidemiology of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infections in mid-adult women is not well understood.

METHODS:

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 379 women 30 to 50 years of age. Vaginal samples were tested for type-specific HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction. Sera were tested for type-specific HPV antibodies by Luminex-based assay. Assays included 13 hrHPV types (16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/68). Self-reported health and sexual history were ascertained. Risk factors for seropositivity and DNA positivity to hrHPV were assessed in separate Poisson regression models.

RESULTS:

The mean (SD) age of participants was 38.7 (6.1) years, and the median lifetime number of male sex partners was 7. Approximately two-thirds (68.1%) were seropositive for any hrHPV, 15.0% were DNA positive, and 70.7% were seropositive or DNA positive. In multivariate analyses, women who were married/living with a partner were less likely to be seropositive than single/separated women (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75-0.98). Compared with never hormonal contraceptive users, current (aPR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.01-2.29) or former (aPR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.10-2.45) users were more likely to be seropositive. Women with a lifetime number of sex partners of 12 or more were more likely to be seropositive compared with those with 0 to 4 partners (aPR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.06-1.56). Similar associations were seen with DNA positivity. In addition, there was a positive association between current smoking and hrHPV DNA (aPR vs. never smokers, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.40-4.49).

CONCLUSIONS:

Seventy-one percent of mid-adult women had evidence of current or prior hrHPV infection. Measures of probable increased exposure to HPV infection were associated with both seropositivity and DNA positivity to hrHPV, whereas current smoking was positively associated with hrHPV DNA only.

Purchase full article at:   http://goo.gl/FJ9JwI

By:  Sadate-Ngatchou P1, Carter JJ, Hawes SE, Feng Q, Lasof T, Stern JE, Fu TC, Galloway DA, Koutsky LA, Winer RL.

• 1From the *Clinton Health Access Initiative, Yaounde, Cameroon; †Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; ‡Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; §FIDALAB, Seattle, WA; ∥University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; and Departments of ¶Global Health and **Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
• Sex Transm Dis. 2016 Mar;43(3):192-8. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000409. 

More at:  https://twitter.com/hiv insight

And: http://twitter.com/Prison Health

Second-Hand Smoke in Four English Prisons: An Air Quality Monitoring Study

BACKGROUND:

To measure levels of indoor pollution in relation to smoking in four English prisons.

METHODS:

TSI SidePak AM510 Personal Aerosol Monitors were used to measure concentrations of particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) for periods of up to 9 h in selected smoking and non-smoking areas, and personal exposure monitoring of prison staff during a work shift, in four prisons.

RESULTS:

PM2.5 data were collected for average periods of 6.5 h from 48 locations on 25 wing landings where smoking was permitted in cells, on 5 non-smoking wings, 13 prisoner cells, and personal monitoring of 22 staff members. Arithmetic mean PM2.5 concentrations were significantly higher on smoking than non-smoking wing landings (43.9 μg/m(3) and 5.9 μg/m(3) respectively, p < 0.001) and in smoking than non-smoking cells (226.2 μg/m(3) and 17.0 μg/m(3) respectively, p < 0.001). Staff members wore monitors for an average of 4.18 h, during which they were exposed to arithmetic mean PM2.5 concentration of 23.5 μg/m(3).

CONCLUSIONS:

The concentration of PM2.5 pollution in smoking areas of prisons are extremely high. Smoking in prisons therefore represents a significant health hazard to prisoners and staff members.

Below:  Concentrations of PM2.5 recorded on smoking locations in all four prisons sampled over the day time periods

Below:  Concentrations of PM2.5 recorded on one wing with smoking and voluntary non-smoking spurs

Below:  Concentrations of PM2.5 recorded in a single smoker cell

Full article at:   http://goo.gl/TcaekU

By:  Jayes LR1, Ratschen E2, Murray RL3, Dymond-White S4, Britton J5.

• 1UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies and Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK. leah.jayes@nottingham.ac.uk.
• 2UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies and Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK. elena.ratschen@nottingham.ac.uk.
• 3UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies and Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK. rachael.murray@nottingham.ac.uk.
• 4National Offender Management Service, Clive house, 70 Petty France, London, SW1H 9EX, UK. suzy.dymond-white@noms.gsi.gov.
• 5UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies and Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK. j.britton@outlook.com. 
• BMC Public Health. 2016 Feb 4;16(1):119. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-2757-y.

More at:  https://twitter.com/hiv insight

And: http://twitter.com/Prison Health

Discrepancies Between Physician's Perception of Depression in HIV Patients and Self-Reported CES-D-20 Assessment: The DHIVA study

Depression in HIV/AIDS patients affects adherence and disease progression and often goes unnoticed. DHIVA is a cross-sectional epidemiologic survey, investigating the prevalence of depression in people living with HIV through use of a validated self-administered scale (CES-D-20), as well and the degree of concordance between the physician's perception and patients' reports. 

A total of 690 HIV-infected patients attending 24 centers across Italy were enrolled. Concordance was calculated by K statistics. Association between depression and subject characteristics were evaluated through univariate and multivariate logistic models (OR and 95%CI). 

The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 48.8% from patient's questionnaires and 49.5% from physicians' reports, with a low/fair concordance (K = .38, p < .001). CES-D-20 found severe depression in 22.5% of the patients vs 4% identified by physicians. 135/155 (87%) of the severely depressed patients (according to CES-D-20) were considered as non or mildly/moderately depressed by physicians. Risk of severe depression was associated with unemployment (p < .001), previous depression (p < .001), treatment failure (p = .001), and former smoking status (p = .018). 

Depression is frequent in HIV-infected patients in the HAART era, with significant discrepancy between physician perception and the self-reported CES-D-20 results. Screening should be mandatory in all HIV patients.

Purchase full article at:  http://goo.gl/3vZ5S7

By:  Marando F1, Gualberti G1, Costanzo AM1, di Luzio Paparatti U1, Franzetti M2, Ammassari A3, Antinori A3, Galli M2.

• 1 Abbvie s.r.l. , Campoverde, LT , Italy.
• 2 Infectious Diseases Unit , University of Milan , L. Sacco Hospital, Milan , Italy.
• 3 Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive L. Spallanzani , Rome , Italy. 

More at:  https://twitter.com/hiv insight

And: http://twitter.com/Prison Health

Associations between Tobacco, Alcohol, and Drug Use with Coronary Artery Plaque among HIV-Infected and Uninfected Men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study

Background

We characterized associations between smoking, alcohol, and recreational drug use and coronary plaque by HIV serostatus within the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS).

Methods

MACS participants (N = 1005, 621 HIV+ and 384 HIV-) underwent non-contrast CT scanning to measure coronary artery calcium; 764 underwent coronary CT angiograms to evaluate plaque type and extent. Self-reported use of alcohol, tobacco, smoked/inhaled cocaine, methamphetamine, ecstasy, marijuana, inhaled nitrites, and erectile dysfunction drugs was obtained at semi-annual visits beginning 10 years prior to CT scanning. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were performed, stratified by HIV serostatus.

Results

Among HIV+ men, current smoking, former smoking, and cumulative pack years of smoking were positively associated with multiple coronary plaque measures (coronary artery calcium presence and extent, total plaque presence and extent, calcified plaque presence, and stenosis >50%). Smoking was significantly associated with fewer plaque measures of comparable effect size among HIV- men; current smoking and calcified plaque extent was the only such association. Heavy alcohol use (>14 drinks/week) was associated with stenosis >50% among HIV+ men. Among HIV- men, low/moderate (1–14 drinks/week) and heavy alcohol use were inversely associated with coronary artery calcium and calcified plaque extent. Few significant associations between other recreational drug use and plaque measures were observed.

Conclusion

Smoking is strongly associated with coronary plaque among HIV+ men, underscoring the value of smoking cessation for HIV+ persons. Alcohol use may protect against coronary artery calcium and calcified plaque progression in HIV- (but not HIV+) men. Few positive associations were observed between recreational drug use and coronary plaque measures.

Full article at:   http://goo.gl/CBcHii

By:  

Sean G. Kelly, Frank J. Palella Jr.

Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Michael Plankey

Georgetown University, Washington, D. C., United States of America

Wendy S. Post

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Wendy S. Post, Xiuhong Li, Lisa P. Jacobson, Christopher Cox

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Ronald Stall, Lawrence Kingsley

University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Mallory D. Witt, Matthew Budoff

Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California‎, United States of America

  

More at:  https://twitter.com/hiv insight

And: http://twitter.com/Prison Health

Demographic Characteristics and Risk Factors in Turkish Patients with Anogenital Warts

Anogenital warts (AGW) are one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. The determination of groups vulnerable to contracting anogenital warts (AGW) leads to the development of policies for disease control and of prevention programs. The aim of our study was to investigate the demographical features and risk factors of Turkish patients with AGW. 

This study included 200 patients with AGW and 200 healthy individuals as a control group. The age, gender, education and marital status, age of first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, sexual orientation, and smoking status were recorded in both groups. In this study, 88% of the patients were male, and 12% were female. The mean age of the patients was 35.21±0.77 years, and the majority of patients were below 35 years old (63%). Furthermore, 46.0% of the patients were educated at the university level, and 33.5% had graduated high school. 

No significant differences were found based on sexual orientation or condoms between the patient and control groups. In the patient group, the mean age of first sexual intercourse was significantly earlier, and the number of single individuals and sexual partners were significantly higher. Also, 61% of the patients were current smokers, which was significantly higher than the control group. The duration of smoking and the duration of AGW were found to be correlated. All patients were tested for anti-HIV antibodies, and only one patient was found to be infected. AGW were more common in patients younger than 35 years old, among men, and among those who had graduated from high school or university. 

Early age of first sexual intercourse, a high number of sexual partners, being single, and smoking were also risk factors for the development of anogenital warts.

Purchase full article at:   http://goo.gl/q2u0Qa

By:  Tamer E1, Çakmak SK2, İlhan MN3, Artüz F4.

• 1Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Dermatology Clinic, Turkey. Electronic address: eminettamer@yahoo.com.tr.
• 2Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Dermatology Clinic, Turkey.
• 3Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Public Health & Occupational Health, Turkey. Electronic address: mnilhan@gazi.edu.tr.
• 4Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Dermatology Clinic, Turkey. Electronic address: ferdaartuz@yahoo.com 

More at:  https://twitter.com/hiv insight

And: http://twitter.com/Prison Health

Is There a Relationship Between the Concentration of Same-Sex Couples and Tobacco Retailer Density?

BACKGROUND:

Tobacco use is markedly higher among lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations than heterosexuals. Higher density of tobacco retailers is found in neighborhoods with lower income and more racial/ethnic minorities. Same-sex couples tend to live in similar neighborhoods, but the association of this demographic with tobacco retailer density has not been examined.

METHODS:

For a national sample of 97 US counties, we calculated the number of tobacco retailers per 1000 persons and rates of same-sex couples per 1000 households in each census tract (n = 17 941). Using spatial regression, we examined the association of these variables in sex-stratified models, including neighborhood demographics and other environmental characteristics to examine confounding.

RESULTS:

Results from spatial regression show that higher rates of both female and male same-sex couples were associated with a higher density of tobacco retailers. However the magnitude of this association was small. For female couples, the association was not significant after controlling for area-level characteristics, such as percent black, percent Hispanic, median household income, the presence of interstate highways, and urbanicity, which are neighborhood correlates of higher tobacco retailer density. For male couples, the association persisted after control for these characteristics.

CONCLUSION:

Same-sex couples reside in areas with higher tobacco retailer density, and for men, this association was not explained by neighborhood confounders, such as racial/ethnic composition and income. While lesbian, gay, and bisexual disparities in tobacco use may be influenced by neighborhood environment, the magnitude of the association suggests other explanations of these disparities remain important areas of research.

Purchase full article at:   http://goo.gl/DCA44T

By:  Lee JG1, Pan WK2, Henriksen L3, Goldstein AO4, Ribisl KM5.

• 1Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health (http://sph.unc.edu/), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; jose.lee@unc.edu.
• 2Nicholas School of Environment and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC;
• 3Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA;
• 4Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
• 5Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
• Nicotine Tob Res. 2016 Feb;18(2):147-55. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntv046. Epub 2015 Mar 5. 

More at:  https://twitter.com/hiv insight

And: http://twitter.com/Prison Health

Adverse Childhood Experiences Related to Poor Adult Health among Lesbian, Gay, & Bisexual Individuals

OBJECTIVES:

We explored the association of sexual orientation with poor adult health outcomes before and after adjustment for exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs).

METHODS:

Data were from the 2012 North Carolina, 2011 Washington, and 2011 and 2012 Wisconsin Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) surveys regarding health risks, perceived poor health, and chronic conditions by sexual orientation and 8 categories of ACEs. There were 711 lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) respondents and 29 690 heterosexual respondents.

RESULTS:

LGB individuals had a higher prevalence of all ACEs than heterosexuals, with odds ratios ranging from 1.4 to 3.1. After adjustment for cumulative exposure to ACEs, sexual orientation was no longer associated with poor physical health, current smoking, and binge drinking. Associations with poor mental health, activity limitation, HIV risk behaviors, current asthma, depression, and disability remained, but were attenuated.

CONCLUSIONS:

The higher prevalence of ACEs among LGB individuals may account for some of their excess risk for poor adult health outcomes. 

Purchase full article at:   http://goo.gl/YSEMWO

By:   Austin A1, Herrick H1, Proescholdbell S1.

• 1At the time of the study, Anna Austin and Scott Proescholdbell were with the Injury Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, Injury and Violence Prevention Branch, Chronic Disease and Injury Section, Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh. Harry Herrick was with the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, State Center for Health Statistics, Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh. 

More at:  https://twitter.com/hiv_insight

And: http://twitter.com/Prison_Health

Filter Presence and Tipping Paper Color Influence Consumer Perceptions of Cigarettes

Background

Cigarettes are marketed in a wide array of packaging and product configurations, and these may impact consumers’ perceptions of product health effects and attractiveness. Filtered cigarettes are typically perceived as less hazardous and white tipping paper (as opposed to cork) often conveys ‘lightness’.

Methods

This study examined cigarette-related perceptions among 1220 young adult (age 18-35) current, ever, and never smokers recruited from three eastern U.S. cities (Buffalo NY, Columbia SC, Morgantown WV). Participants rated three cigarette sticks: two filtered cigarettes 85 mm in length, differing only in tipping paper color (cork versus white), and an unfiltered 70 mm cigarette.

Results

Overall, the cork-tipped cigarette was most commonly selected on taste and attractiveness, the white-tipped on least dangerous, and the unfiltered on most dangerous. Current smokers were more likely to select white-tipped (OR = 1.98) and cork-tipped (OR = 3.42) cigarettes, while ever smokers more commonly selected the cork-tipped (OR = 1.96), as most willing to try over the other products. Those willing to try the filtered white-tipped cigarette were more likely to have rated that cigarette as best tasting (OR = 11.10), attracting attention (OR = 17.91), and lowest health risk (OR = 1.94). Similarly, those willing to try cork tipped or unfiltered cigarettes rated those as best testing, attracting attention, and lowest health risk, respectively.

Conclusions

Findings from this study demonstrate that consumer product perceptions can be influenced by elements of cigarette design, such as the presence and color of the filter tip.

Below:  Cigarettes used in demonstration. Left to right; unfiltered, cork-tip, white-tip

Full article at:   http://goo.gl/b6m3y1

By:   Richard J. O’Connor, Maansi Bansal-Travers, K. Michael Cummings, David Hammond, James F. Thrasher, and Cindy Tworek

Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA

School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Canada

Department of Health Promotion, Education & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA

Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV USA

Richard J. O’Connor, Phone: 1-716-845-4517, Email: gro.krapllewsor@ronnoco.drahcir.

  

More at:  https://twitter.com/hiv_insight

And: http://twitter.com/Prison_Health