Showing posts with label France. Show all posts
Showing posts with label France. Show all posts

Saturday, May 7, 2016

Places in protecting housing per 100 000 inhabitants from 1990 to 2012, Western Europe



More and via:  http://goo.gl/GHNNH9
How has the extent of institutional mental healthcare changed in Western Europe? Analysis of data since 1990.
1Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry (WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development), Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

BMJ Open. 2016 Apr 29;6(4):e010188. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010188.

Forensic beds per 100 000 inhabitants from 1990 to 2012, Western Europe



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How has the extent of institutional mental healthcare changed in Western Europe? Analysis of data since 1990.
1Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry (WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development), Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

BMJ Open. 2016 Apr 29;6(4):e010188. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010188.

Psychiatric hospital beds per 100 000 inhabitants from 1990 to 2012, Western Europe



More and via:  http://goo.gl/WxTHOz
How has the extent of institutional mental healthcare changed in Western Europe? Analysis of data since 1990.
1Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry (WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development), Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

BMJ Open. 2016 Apr 29;6(4):e010188. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010188.

Western EU prison population per 100 000 inhabitants from 1990 to 2012



More and via:  http://goo.gl/WxTHOz
How has the extent of institutional mental healthcare changed in Western Europe? Analysis of data since 1990.
1Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry (WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development), Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

BMJ Open. 2016 Apr 29;6(4):e010188. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010188.

Wednesday, March 2, 2016

Prevalence of Binge Drinking & Associated Behaviours among 3,286 College Students in France

BACKGROUND:
Studies conducted on characteristics of binge drinking and associated behaviours in college student populations are scarce especially in France. Hence, it is important to identify risk factors for binge drinking at university, especially those which may be changed. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of binge drinking and associated behaviours across a large sample of college students in Upper Normandy (France).

METHODS:
A cross sectional study was performed between November 2009 and February 2013 and data on socioeconomic characteristics and behavioural risk factors were collected: alcohol (consumption and misuse of alcohol, occasional and frequent binge drinking), tobacco, cannabis, cyberaddiction, stress and depression. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was filled out by college student volunteers from Upper Normandy (France) either online or by paper questionnaire. Analyses were performed using multivariate logistic regression models.

RESULTS:
A total of 3286 students were included. The mean (Standard Deviation (SD)) age of students was 20.8 years (SD = 2.1) with a male-female ratio of 0.60. The prevalence of binge drinking in the never, occasional and frequent categories was respectively 34.9 %, 51.3 %, and 13.8 %. The mean number of units of alcohol consumed per week (except BD episodes) was 0.78 for never, 3.7 for occasional and 10.5 for frequent binge drinkers (p < 0.0001). A positive relation was observed between frequent binge drinking and the following: male gender, living in rented accommodation, attending business school, regular practice of sport, smoking, occasional cannabis use, and alcohol abuse. A negative association was observed between frequent binge drinking and grant holder status, living in couples, and stress.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study highlights the spread of binge drinking among college students and identifies student populations at risk: male gender, living in rented accommodation, regular practice of sport, and other risk behaviours such as use of tobacco, cannabis and alcohol. These behaviours increase with the frequency of binge drinking.

Below:  Frequency of consumption of binge drinking according to the gender of college students (France; 2010-2012) (N=3286)



Full article at:   http://goo.gl/xH28Bs

  • 1Rouen University Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center 1404, 1 Rue de Germont, Rouen Cedex, 76031, France. marie-pierre.tavolacci@chu-rouen.fr.
  • 2Rouen University Hospital, IRIB, Inserm U1073, Rouen, France. marie-pierre.tavolacci@chu-rouen.fr.
  • 3Rouen University Hospital, Clinical Investigation Center 1404, 1 Rue de Germont, Rouen Cedex, 76031, France.
  • 4Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.
  • 5Department of Preventive Medicine of University, Rouen University, Rouen, France.
  • 6Rouen University Hospital, IRIB, Inserm U1073, Rouen, France.
  • 7Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France. 
  •  2016 Feb 23;16(1):178. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-2863-x.



Tuesday, February 9, 2016

Cathinones Use in Paris

BACKGROUND:
The pattern of recreational drug use has changed over the last decade and now includes a multitude of substances sold as "research chemicals" or new psychoactive substances, "NPS". In France, synthetic cathinones emerged in 2008 (while first mentioned by the French police force in 2007 first alerts among users appeared in 2008) and have grown to be popular drugs of abuse. Under the Official Journal dated 11th June 2010, only mephedrone has been listed as narcotics but "designer drugs" have synthesized new substitute cathinones in order to avoid anti-drug laws. However, since July 2012, in France, all synthetic drugs from the cathinones family have been banned and listed as narcotics following the example of United Kingdom. Despite their recent classification and inclusion on narcotic list, they are readily available on Internet and used widely. Paris Addictovigilance Centre observed a signal of derivate cathinones abuse (21 cases over a two-year period).

OBJECTIVE:
Paris Addictovigilance Centre and Marmottan Hospital wanted to describe the use of cathinones in the Paris area and alert the health care community about the abuse identification and risk assessment problems of these compounds. After a review of derivated cathinone's chemical structure, pharmacology and toxicology, this article seeks to provide patricians with a clinical description and treatment's modality.

RESULTS:
Most users of synthetic cathinones will experience euphoria, increased energy, talkativeness, openness and increased sexual arousal. Signs and symptoms of toxicity are consistent with a sympathomimetic toxidrome. The main reasons for care access are psychiatric (hallucinations, psychotic symptoms, agitation) and addiction disorders. Somatic complications were described with various patterns of symptoms such as headache, tachycardia, confusional states, rhabdomyolysis with renal failure or serotonin syndrome. The most important fact is the apparition of the "slam" phenomenon among men who have sex with men (MSM). The "slam" is a compound of three characteristic elements: injection, sexual party and psychostimulant drug. According to users, "slam" is convenient for group sex and is used it to put them into a good mood and a disinhibition state. These compounds cause fast dependence syndrome with strong craving and prolonged psychiatric symptoms and increase infectious risk (HIV, VHC, VHB…). The cathinones family is not detected in conventional urine drug screenings. We point out the lack of confirmatory analytic testing data which remains the only way to determine the actual etiology of the clinical effects observed since drug users do not always know exactly what they took. These substances can be identified by special analyses using gas chromatography or liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy technology.

CONCLUSION:
This injection drug is used in order to increase sexual desire, delay orgasm and decrease sexual inhibition and is prevalent in many studies on MSM samples. Cathinones would popularize the "slam". Harm reduction policy requires specific MSM interventions on both sexual and drug addiction networks.

Purchase full article in French at:   http://goo.gl/IYksFv

  • 1CEIP-Addictovigilance, hôpital Fernand-Widal, 200, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Denis, 75010 Paris cedex 10, France. Electronic address: anne.batisse@lrb.aphp.fr.
  • 2Centre Marmottan, 17-19, rue d'Armaillé, 75017 Paris, France. Electronic address: murielgreg@hotmail.com.
  • 3CEIP-Addictovigilance, hôpital Fernand-Widal, 200, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Denis, 75010 Paris cedex 10, France. 
  •  2016 Feb 1. pii: S0013-7006(15)00163-3. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2015.09.002. 




Wednesday, January 27, 2016

Higher HIV RNA Viral Load in Recent Patients with Symptomatic Acute HIV Infection in Lyon University Hospitals

INTRODUCTION:
Increased human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) virulence at infection has been suggested by a meta-analysis based on viral load and CD4 T lymphocytes (CD4) count during acute infection. This result was obtained after secondary analyses of large databases, facilitating the detection of differences. Similar finding in cohorts of more modest sample size would indicate that the effect could be more substantial.

METHODS:
Change from initial CD4 count and HIV viral load after acute HIV infection by calendar year was explored in patients treated at Lyon University hospitals. All patients admitted to our hospitals with acute HIV infection between 1996 and 2013 were included in our study. Initial CD4 count and viral load before the start of anti-retroviral treatment were analyzed. Trends over time were assessed in linear models.

RESULTS:
Initial CD4 count remained similar over time. However, in 2006-2013, initial viral load rose significantly (+1.12 log10/ml/year, p = 0.01).

CONCLUSION:
Our data, obtained from a single hospital cohort, confirmed findings from a large meta-analysis, showed increased initial viremia at acute HIV infection since 2006 and suggesting potentially higher HIV virulence in recent years.

Below:  Initial viral load during acute HIV infection by year, Lyon university Hospitals, 1996 to 2013



Full article at:   http://goo.gl/EH4P4R

  • 1Infection Control and Epidemiology Unit, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
  • 2Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
  • 3Infection Control and Epidemiology Unit, Hôpital Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
  • 4Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, 21, Avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon, 69007, France. 
  •  2016 Jan 22;11(1):e0146978. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146978. eCollection 2016.





Thursday, December 31, 2015

Prevalence of & Risk Factors for Anal Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Infection among HIV-Infected Women in France in the cART Era

BACKGROUND:
Little is known about the type-specific prevalence of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and risk factors for anal high-risk (HR) HPV infection in HIV-infected women.

METHODS:
A cross-sectional study of anal and cervical HPV infection was nested within a gynaecological cohort of HIV-infected women. Specimens were tested for type-specific DNA using Linear Array.

RESULTS:
The study population consisted of 311 women with a median age of 45.3 years, of whom 42.8% originated from sub-Saharan Africa and 96.8% were receiving combination antiretroviral therapy. The median CD4 cell count was 612/mm3 and HIV load was below 50 copies/mL in 84.1%. HR-HPV types were detected in the anal canal in 148 (47.6%) and in the cervix in 82 (26.4%) women. HPV16 was the most prevalent type in both the anal canal (13.2% of women) and the cervix (5.1%). In multivariable analysis, factors associated with prevalent anal HR-HPV infection were CD4 count below 350/mm3 (OR, 2.9;95%CI:1.3-6.5), concurrent cervical lesions (OR, 2.6;95%CI:1.0-4.3), and cervical HR-HPV infection (OR, 1.8;95%CI: 1.0-3.2).

CONCLUSION:
The high prevalence of high-risk HPV types, including HPV16, in the anal canal of HIV-positive women is concerning. Anal cancer screening should be considered for HIV-positive women as part of their routine care.

Purchase full article at:   http://goo.gl/zcyo0W

  • 1French Human papillomavirus Reference Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, IE3M, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
  • 2Aix Marseille Univ, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Immuno-hematology Clinic Unit, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France Inserm U912, Marseille, France.
  • 3Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06,INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136) F75013, Paris, France INSERM Transfert, Paris, France.
  • 4Proctologie unit, Groupe Hospitalier Diaconesses-Croix Saint-Simon, Paris, France.
  • 5Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), HUPNVS, Hôpital Mourier, Colombes, France.
  • 6Scottish HPV Reference Laboratory, Edinburgh, UK.
  • 7Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, IE3M, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
  • 8Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06,INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136) F75013, Paris, France. 


Cost-Effectiveness of Dolutegravir in HIV-1 Treatment-Experienced (TE) Patients in France

OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a new generation integrase inhibitor (INI), dolutegravir (DTG), in France, in treatment-experienced (TE) and INI-naïve HIV-infected adults with at least two classes resistance compared to raltegravir (RAL), by adapting previously published Anti-Retroviral Analysis by Monte Carlo Individual Simulation (ARAMIS) model.

METHODS:
ARAMIS is a microsimulation Markov model with a lifetime time horizon and a monthly cycle length. Health states are defined as with or without opportunistic infection and death. In the initial cohort, efficacy and safety data were derived from a phase III study comparing DTG to RAL. Antiretroviral treatment algorithms, accounting for patient history, were based on French guidelines and experts opinion. Costs are mainly including treatment costs, routine HIV and opportunistic infection care, and death. Utilities depend on CD4+ cell count and the occurrence of opportunistic infections.

RESULTS:
The ARAMIS model indicates in the TE population that DTG compared to RAL over a life time is associated with 0.35 additional quality-adjusted life years (QALY; 10.75 versus 10.41) and additional costs of €7,266 (€390,001 versus €382,735). DTG increased costs are mainly related to a 9.1-month increase in life expectancy for DTG compared with RAL, and consequently a longer time spent on ART. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for DTG compared with RAL is €21,048 per QALY gained. About 83% and 14% of total lifetime costs are associated with antiretroviral therapy and routine HIV care respectively. Univariate deterministic sensitivity analyses demonstrate the robustness of the model.

CONCLUSION:
DTG is cost-effective in the management of TE INI naive patients in France, from a collective perspective. These results could be explained by the superior efficacy of DTG in this population and its higher genetic barrier to resistance compared to RAL. These data need to be confirmed with longer-term real life data.

Below:  Influence diagram. AE: Adverse event; HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; OI: Opportunistic Infection; QALYs: Quality Adjusted Life Years.



Purchase full article at:   http://goo.gl/R2ixLf

  • 1Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, AP-HP Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France.
  • 2Service de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM-Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Paris, France.
  • 3Optum, Paris, France.
  • 4Mapi Group (previously Optum), Paris, France.
  • 5ViiV, Marly-le-Roi, France.
  • 6GSK, Marly-le-Roi, France. 


Wednesday, December 30, 2015

Hepatitis B Virus Status in Children Born to HIV/HBV Coinfected Women in a French Hospital

OBJECTIVES:
We assessed hepatitis B virus (HBV) status in children born to HIV/HBV coinfected women with large access to antiretroviral therapy.

METHODS:
All HIV/HBV coinfected pregnant women from 01 January 2000 to 01 January 2012 were included in the retrospective study (NCT02044068). Antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and injection of HBV immunoglobulin/vaccine to newborns was recorded. We assessed HBV status of children aged at least 2 years.

RESULTS:
Twenty-one women (35 children) were studied. Twenty-six children (74%) had HBsAb: 22 had received immunoglobulin and 24 had received a complete vaccine (with immunoglobulin in 21 cases); their mothers had been administered lamivudine or tenofovir/emtricitabine during eight and nine pregnancies, respectively. Eight children (23%) were negative for HBsAg, HBsAb, and HBcAb: four (11.5%) had received immunoglobulin and a complete vaccine; in two children, it was not known whether they had received an immunoglobulin injection; in one child, the vaccine was incomplete; and in the last one, it was not known whether he had received immunoglobulin/vaccine. Their mothers had been administered lamivudine or tenofovir/emtricitabine during five and two pregnancies, respectively. No infant has chronic HBV infection (HBsAg) after prenatal mothers' antiretroviral therapy combined with a complete postnatal HBV protection. One child had HBcAb and HBsAb: it was not known whether she had received an immunoglobulin injection; the vaccine was incomplete. The mother had been administered lamivudine during the last trimester of pregnancy.

CONCLUSION:
Antiretroviral therapy in HBV/HIV coinfected women following current national HBV guidelines may prevent mother-to-child-transmission of HBV. Negativity of surrogate markers of vaccine-induced protection is frequent; large studies on long-term protection are needed.

Purchase full article at:   http://goo.gl/NUeRCW

1aDepartment of Internal Medicine A bDepartment of Virology cDepartment of Microbiology dDepartment of Obstetrics ePharmacy, AP-HP, Saint-Louis-Lariboisière Hospital fInfectious Diseases Department, AP-HP, Bichat - Claude Bernard Hospital, HUPNVS; Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité University, Paris, France.




Wednesday, December 23, 2015

Predictors of Standard Follow-Up Completion after Sexual Exposure to HIV: Five-Year Retrospective Analysis in a French HIV-Infection Care Center

Objectives
The care of exposed individuals to HIV remains a challenge regarding follow-up completion and HIV-testing of the partner. Identifying patients with risk of not fulfilling HIV-testing follow-up completion (FC), among patients demanding non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP), may improve clinical practice.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted in a single French HIV-infection care center. FC predictors were assessed in a multivariate logistic regression model (Likelihood ratios test).

Results
Between 2009 and 2013, 646 sexual exposures to HIV were evaluated for nPEP, of which 507 effectively received nPEP (78%). FC rate was 30% (194/646). In the multivariate analysis, FC rates rose with age of exposed individuals (OR, 1.04 [0.25–4.28]; p<0.001) and decreased with the year of sexual exposure (OR, 0.74 [0.65–0.85]; p<0.001). FC was associated with sexual encounter with a sex worker (OR, 4.07 [0.98–16.82]; p<0.001) and nPEP use (OR, 2.69 [2.37–3.06]; p<0.001). nPEP early discontinuation was associated with decreased FC rates (OR, 0.18 [0.08–0.39]; p<0.001). No documented nPEP failure was identified. However, five Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) nPEP recipients for unprotected anal receptive intercourse subsequently seroconverted to HIV more than 6 months after nPEP. Seroconversion to HIV was associated with the lack of FC (p = 0.04) and multiple presentations for nPEP over the study period (p = 0.002).

Conclusions
We identified significant predictors of not fulfilling sequential HIV-testing. They appear to be linked with a self-perceived HIV risk, especially in young adults recently exposed. Enhanced counseling in targeted individuals with high risk behaviors and using smartphone and internet-based strategies may be interesting retention in care options.

Below:  Reasons for stopping treatment according with nPEP regimen



Full article at:   http://goo.gl/wp8iAj

By:   
Pierre Gantner, Constance De Miscault, Marie-Laure Batard, Claudine Bernard-Henry, Christine Cheneau, Erik De Mautort, Marialuisa Partisani, Michele Priester, David Rey
Le Trait d’Union, HIV-infection care center, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

Michele Treger
Biostatistics Laboratory, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France



Monday, December 21, 2015

The Impact of Medication-Focused Workshops in a Diabetes Educational Program in Jail: A Pilot Study

Background 
Correctional institutions have unique circumstances offering care and the opportunity to adopt healthy behaviours for populations suffering from chronic diseases such as diabetes. In view of their expertise on medication, pharmacists can contribute to multidisciplinary educational health programmes in prisons. 

Objective 
To assess the effectiveness of a pharmacist led diabetes medication-related workshops. Method Pharmacists led workshops about patients' empowerment in their treatment within the educational program. On a prospective observational study basis, the impact was assessed in terms of relevance, learning outcomes and achievement transfer using the Kirkpatrick training assessment method. Hb1Ac was measured as glycemic control outcome. 

Results 
Fifteen patients involved in the workshops showed a significant decrease in HbA1c compared to the control group (-1.18 ± 0.52 vs. +0.26 ± 0.28 %; p < 0.001).

Relevance:
All participants were satisfied and ready to join other sessions.

Learning Outcomes:
(LO) Postworkshop scores were significantly improved (LO1: 4.2 ± 0.9 vs. 2.2 ± 1.4; LO2: 4.5 ± 0.9 vs. 2.6 ± 1.3; p < 0.05). Decrease in HbA1c was correlated to increase in LO2's scores. (Y = 0.946 - 1.134X; R = -0.692; p < 0.05). Achievement transfer: Key points from all LOs were reported. In case studies, 70 % of participants adopted healthy strategies (LO3). Conclusion These results highlight the positive impact of the workshops and the additive value of pharmacists' involvement within the educational program in jail.

Purchase full article at:   http://goo.gl/LqoLtj

  • 1Penitentiary Center of Marseille, Pharmacy, 239 Chemin de Morgiou, Marseille, France.
  • 2Penitentiary Center of Marseille, Medical Unit, 239 Chemin de Morgiou, Marseille, France.
  • 3Penitentiary Center of Marseille, Pharmacy, 239 Chemin de Morgiou, Marseille, France. guillaume.hache@univ-amu.fr. 


Saturday, December 12, 2015

The Use of Reimbursement Data for Timely Monitoring of Vaccination Coverage: The Example of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Following Public Concerns About Vaccine Safety

Background
Since 2011 public concerns about Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination safety and efficacy arose in France. We explored the relevance of using vaccines reimbursement data to assess the impact of those public concerns on vaccination coverage.

Methods
We used the Permanent Sample of Beneficiaries which was, at the time of the study, a representative sample of 1/97 th health insurance beneficiaries of the main Social Security scheme, the General Health Insurance Scheme, covering approximately 77 % of the French resident population. We estimated HPV vaccination coverage among girls born between 1995 and 1999 at their 15 th , 16 th and 17 th birthday.

Results
The coverage for complete vaccination among 16 years old girls decreased from 26.5 % in the first semester of 2011 to 18.6 % in the first semester of 2014.

Conclusions
HPV vaccination coverage was already low in 2011 and continued to decrease thereafter. Vaccines reimbursement data allowed us to reactively monitor the impact of the controversy on vaccination coverage and design counteracting measures.

Below:  Vaccination coverage with one dose of HPV vaccine at 15 th birthday and three doses at 16 th birthday, by quarter periods, January 2010–June 2014



Below:  Cumulative vaccination coverage for 3 doses of HPV vaccine according to age and half year of birth. France



Full article at:   http://goo.gl/pTup37

By:   Laure Fonteneau12, Marine Ragot1, Isabelle Parent du Châtelet1, Jean-Paul Guthmann1and Daniel Lévy-Bruhl1*
1Institut de Veille Sanitaire (InVS), Saint-Maurice, France
2European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden